fix memleaks
[awesomized/ext-ion] / ion_private.h
index aea7c7de7ec97b54d6404441f128ef901ca3c472..ba7728c639d075463f4961ad5066bbf7582824e2 100644 (file)
 #include "ext/standard/php_var.h"
 #include "ext/date/php_date.h"
 
-#if PHP_DEBUG
-# define LOCAL static
-#else
-# define LOCAL static inline
-#endif
-
 #define DECNUMDIGITS 34 /* DECQUAD_Pmax */
 #include "ionc/ion.h"
 
@@ -78,7 +72,7 @@ static HashTable g_sym_map;
        g_sym_map_add(ION_SYS_SID_ ## c_name, enum_name, sizeof(enum_name)-1); \
 } while (0)
 
-LOCAL void g_sym_hash_add(int sid, const char *str, size_t len)
+static void g_sym_hash_add(int sid, const char *str, size_t len)
 {
        zval zl, zs;
        ZVAL_LONG(&zl, sid);
@@ -87,14 +81,21 @@ LOCAL void g_sym_hash_add(int sid, const char *str, size_t len)
        zend_hash_index_add(&g_sym_hash, sid, &zs);
 }
 
-LOCAL void g_sym_map_add(int sid, const char *str, size_t len)
+static void g_sym_map_add(int sid, const char *str, size_t len)
 {
        zval zv;
        ZVAL_LONG(&zv, sid);
        zend_hash_str_add(&g_sym_map, str, len, &zv);
 }
 
-LOCAL int g_sym_init(void)
+static void g_sym_dtor(void)
+{
+       ion_symbol_table_close(g_sym_tab_php);
+       zend_hash_destroy(&g_sym_map);
+       zend_hash_destroy(&g_sym_hash);
+}
+
+static int g_sym_init(void)
 {
        zend_hash_init(&g_sym_hash, 0, NULL, NULL, 1);
        zend_hash_init(&g_sym_map, 0, NULL, NULL, 1);
@@ -150,10 +151,6 @@ static void g_intern_str_init()
 }
 
 typedef struct php_ion_serializer {
-       ION_WRITER *writer;
-       ION_WRITER_OPTIONS *options;
-       smart_str *buffer;
-
        zend_string *call_custom;
        zend_bool call_magic;
        zend_bool multi_seq;
@@ -161,8 +158,13 @@ typedef struct php_ion_serializer {
        uint32_t level;
        HashTable *ids;
        HashTable *tmp;
+
+       zend_object *wri, std;
+
 } php_ion_serializer;
 
+typedef int (*php_ion_serialize_zval_cb)(void *ctx, zval *zv);
+
 typedef struct php_ion_annotations {
        uint8_t shared_symtab:1;
        uint8_t backref:1;
@@ -174,10 +176,6 @@ typedef struct php_ion_annotations {
 } php_ion_annotations;
 
 typedef struct php_ion_unserializer {
-       ION_READER *reader;
-       ION_READER_OPTIONS *options;
-       ION_TYPE type;
-
        zend_string *call_custom;
        zend_bool call_magic;
        zend_bool multi_seq;
@@ -185,9 +183,14 @@ typedef struct php_ion_unserializer {
        uint32_t level;
        HashTable *ids;
        HashTable *tmp;
+
        HashTable *addref;
 
+       ION_TYPE type; // FIXME: there's already `php_ion_obj(reader, rdr)->state`
        php_ion_annotations annotations;
+       
+       zend_object *rdr, std;
+       
 } php_ion_unserializer;
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_MODULE_GLOBALS(ion)
@@ -225,6 +228,7 @@ static zend_class_entry
        *ce_Decimal,
        *ce_Decimal_Context,
        *ce_Decimal_Context_Rounding,
+       *ce_Exception,
        *ce_LOB,
        *ce_Reader,
        *ce_Reader_Options,
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ static zend_class_entry
        *ce_Reader_Buffer_Reader,
        *ce_Reader_Stream_Reader,
        *ce_Serializer,
-       *ce_Serializer_PHP,
+       *ce_Serializer_Serializer,
        *ce_Symbol,
        *ce_Symbol_ImportLocation,
        *ce_Symbol_Enum,
@@ -248,7 +252,7 @@ static zend_class_entry
        *ce_Timestamp_Precision,
        *ce_Type,
        *ce_Unserializer,
-       *ce_Unserializer_PHP,
+       *ce_Unserializer_Unserializer,
        *ce_Writer,
        *ce_Writer_Options,
        *ce_Writer_Buffer,
@@ -258,17 +262,17 @@ static zend_class_entry
        *ce_Writer_Writer
        ;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_symbols_init(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_symbols_init(void)
 {
        zend_hash_init(&php_ion_globals.symbol.cache, 0, NULL, ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_symbols_dtor(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_symbols_dtor(void)
 {
        zend_hash_destroy(&php_ion_globals.symbol.cache);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_serializer_init(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_serializer_init(void)
 {
        php_ion_serializer *s = &php_ion_globals.serializer;
        HashTable *h = php_ion_globals._ht.serializer;
@@ -277,7 +281,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_globals_serializer_init(void)
        zend_hash_init(s->ids = &h[1], 0, NULL, NULL, 0);
 }
 
-LOCAL uint32_t php_ion_globals_serializer_step(void)
+static uint32_t php_ion_globals_serializer_step(void)
 {
        php_ion_serializer *s = &php_ion_globals.serializer;
        uint32_t level;
@@ -289,7 +293,7 @@ LOCAL uint32_t php_ion_globals_serializer_step(void)
        return level;
 }
 
-LOCAL uint32_t php_ion_globals_serializer_exit(void)
+static uint32_t php_ion_globals_serializer_exit(void)
 {
        php_ion_serializer *s = &php_ion_globals.serializer;
 
@@ -301,7 +305,7 @@ LOCAL uint32_t php_ion_globals_serializer_exit(void)
        return s->level;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_serializer_dtor(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_serializer_dtor(void)
 {
        php_ion_serializer *s = &php_ion_globals.serializer;
 
@@ -317,7 +321,7 @@ void ZVAL_ADDREF(zval *zv)
                Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(zv);
        }
 }
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_init(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_unserializer_init(void)
 {
        php_ion_unserializer *s = &php_ion_globals.unserializer;
        HashTable *h = php_ion_globals._ht.unserializer;
@@ -327,7 +331,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_init(void)
        zend_hash_init(s->addref = &h[2], 0, NULL, ZVAL_ADDREF, 0);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_step(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_unserializer_step(void)
 {
        php_ion_unserializer *s = &php_ion_globals.unserializer;
 
@@ -338,7 +342,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_step(void)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_exit(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_unserializer_exit(void)
 {
        php_ion_unserializer *s = &php_ion_globals.unserializer;
 
@@ -350,7 +354,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_exit(void)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_dtor(void)
+static void php_ion_globals_unserializer_dtor(void)
 {
        php_ion_unserializer *s = &php_ion_globals.unserializer;
 
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_globals_unserializer_dtor(void)
 
 #define php_ion_obj(type, zo) \
        ((php_ion_ ##type *) php_ion_obj_ex(zo, XtOffsetOf(php_ion_ ## type, std)))
-LOCAL void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
+static void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
        if (obj) {
                return ((char *) obj) - offset;
        }
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@ LOCAL void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
 
 #define php_ion_decl(type, cname) \
        static zend_object_handlers oh_ ## cname; \
-       LOCAL zend_object *create_ion_ ## cname(zend_class_entry *ce) \
+       static zend_object *create_ion_ ## cname(zend_class_entry *ce) \
        { \
                if (!ce) ce = ce_ ## cname; \
                php_ion_ ## type *o = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*o) + zend_object_properties_size(ce)); \
@@ -379,13 +383,13 @@ LOCAL void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
                o->std.handlers = &oh_ ## cname; \
                return &o->std; \
        } \
-       LOCAL void free_ion_ ## cname(zend_object *std) \
+       static void free_ion_ ## cname(zend_object *std) \
        { \
                php_ion_ ## type *obj = php_ion_obj(type, std); \
                php_ion_ ## type ## _dtor(obj); \
                zend_object_std_dtor(std); \
        } \
-       LOCAL zend_object *clone_ion_ ## cname(zend_object *std) \
+       static zend_object *clone_ion_ ## cname(zend_object *std) \
        { \
                php_ion_ ## type *old_obj = php_ion_obj(type, std), \
                                                 *new_obj = php_ion_obj(type, create_ion_ ## cname(std->ce)); \
@@ -404,8 +408,8 @@ LOCAL void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
 
 #define ION_CHECK_RETURN(r, err, ...) do { \
        iERR __err = err; \
-       if (__err) { \
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, __err, "%s: %s", ion_error_to_str(__err), #err); \
+       if (UNEXPECTED(__err)) { \
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, __err, "%s: %s", ion_error_to_str(__err), #err); \
                __VA_ARGS__; \
                return r; \
        } \
@@ -414,15 +418,18 @@ LOCAL void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
 #define ION_CHECK(err, ...) \
        ION_CHECK_RETURN(, err, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define ION_CATCH(...) do { \
-       if (EG(exception)) { \
+#define ION_CATCH_RETURN(ret, ...) do { \
+       if (UNEXPECTED(EG(exception))) { \
                __VA_ARGS__; \
-               return; \
+               return ret; \
        } \
 } while (0)
 
+#define ION_CATCH(...) \
+       ION_CATCH_RETURN(, __VA_ARGS__)
+
 #define PTR_CHECK_RETURN(ret, ptr, ...) do { \
-       if (!(ptr)) { \
+       if (UNEXPECTED(!(ptr))) { \
                zend_throw_error(NULL, "Uninitialized object"); \
                __VA_ARGS__; \
                return ret; \
@@ -436,32 +443,40 @@ LOCAL void *php_ion_obj_ex(void *obj, ptrdiff_t offset) {
 } while (0)
 #define OBJ_CHECK(obj, ...) OBJ_CHECK_RETURN(, obj, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-LOCAL ION_STRING *ion_string_from_zend(ION_STRING *is, const zend_string *zs)
+static ION_STRING *ion_string_from_zend(ION_STRING *is, const zend_string *zs)
 {
        is->length = zs ? (SIZE) zs->len : 0;
        is->value = (BYTE *) (zs ? zs->val : NULL);
        return is;
 }
 
-LOCAL zend_string *zend_string_from_ion(const ION_STRING *s)
+static zend_string *zend_string_from_ion(const ION_STRING *s)
 {
        return zend_string_init((const char *) s->value, s->length, 0);
 }
 
-LOCAL void update_property_obj(zend_object *obj, const char *n, size_t l, zend_object *p)
+static void call_constructor(zend_object *zo, uint32_t argc, zval *argv, zend_array *args_named)
+{
+       zend_call_known_function(zo->ce->constructor, zo, zo->ce, NULL, argc, argv, args_named);
+}
+
+static zend_object *object_construct(zend_class_entry *ce, uint32_t argc, zval *argv, zend_array *args_named)
+{
+       zval z_obj;
+       object_init_ex(&z_obj, ce);
+       call_constructor(Z_OBJ(z_obj), argc, argv, args_named);
+       return Z_OBJ(z_obj);
+}
+
+static void update_property_obj_ex(zend_class_entry *scope, zend_object *obj, const char *n, size_t l, zend_object *p)
 {
        zval zobj;
        ZVAL_OBJ(&zobj, p);
-       zend_update_property(obj->ce, obj, n, l, &zobj);
+       zend_update_property(scope, obj, n, l, &zobj);
 }
-
-LOCAL zend_object *get_property_obj(zend_object *obj, const char *n, size_t l, int type)
+static void update_property_obj(zend_object *obj, const char *n, size_t l, zend_object *p)
 {
-       zval tmp, *zv = zend_read_property(obj->ce, obj, n, l, 0, &tmp);
-       if (zv && type & Z_TYPE_P(zv)) {
-               return Z_PTR_P(zv);
-       }
-       return NULL;
+       update_property_obj_ex(obj->ce, obj, n, l, p);
 }
 
 #define RETURN_IONTYPE(typ) do { \
@@ -472,7 +487,7 @@ LOCAL zend_object *get_property_obj(zend_object *obj, const char *n, size_t l, i
        RETURN_OBJ_COPY(__zo); \
 } while(0)
 
-LOCAL zend_object *php_ion_type_fetch(ION_TYPE typ)
+static zend_object *php_ion_type_fetch(ION_TYPE typ)
 {
        zend_long index = ION_TYPE_INT(typ);
        zval *ztype = zend_hash_index_find(ce_Type->backed_enum_table, index);
@@ -484,7 +499,7 @@ LOCAL zend_object *php_ion_type_fetch(ION_TYPE typ)
        return zend_enum_get_case(ce_Type, Z_STR_P(ztype));
 }
 
-LOCAL ION_TYPE ion_type_from_enum(zend_object *zo)
+static ION_TYPE ion_type_from_enum(zend_object *zo)
 {
        return (ION_TYPE) Z_LVAL_P(zend_enum_fetch_case_value(zo));
 }
@@ -495,19 +510,19 @@ typedef struct php_ion_symbol_iloc {
        zend_object std;
 } php_ion_symbol_iloc;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_iloc_ctor(php_ion_symbol_iloc *obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_iloc_ctor(php_ion_symbol_iloc *obj)
 {
-       zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("location"), obj->loc.location);
-       zend_update_property_str(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("name"), obj->name);
+       zend_update_property_long(ce_Symbol_ImportLocation, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("location"), obj->loc.location);
+       zend_update_property_str(ce_Symbol_ImportLocation, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("name"), obj->name);
        ion_string_from_zend(&obj->loc.name, obj->name);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_iloc_dtor(php_ion_symbol_iloc *obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_iloc_dtor(php_ion_symbol_iloc *obj)
 {
        zend_string_release(obj->name);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_iloc_copy(php_ion_symbol_iloc *new_obj, php_ion_symbol_iloc *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_iloc_copy(php_ion_symbol_iloc *new_obj, php_ion_symbol_iloc *old_obj)
 {
        zend_objects_clone_members(&new_obj->std, &old_obj->std);
        new_obj->name = zend_string_copy(old_obj->name);
@@ -523,7 +538,7 @@ typedef struct php_ion_symbol {
        zend_object *iloc, std;
 } php_ion_symbol;
 
-LOCAL int php_ion_symbol_zval_compare(zval *zv1, zval *zv2) {
+static int php_ion_symbol_zval_compare(zval *zv1, zval *zv2) {
        zend_string *zs1 = zval_get_string(zv1);
        zend_string *zs2 = zval_get_string(zv2);
 
@@ -544,32 +559,32 @@ LOCAL int php_ion_symbol_zval_compare(zval *zv1, zval *zv2) {
        return result;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_ctor(php_ion_symbol *obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_ctor(php_ion_symbol *obj)
 {
-       zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("sid"),
+       zend_update_property_long(ce_Symbol, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("sid"),
                obj->sym.sid);
        if (obj->value) {
-               zend_update_property_str(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("value"), obj->value);
+               zend_update_property_str(ce_Symbol, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("value"), obj->value);
        } else{
-               zend_update_property_null(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("value"));
+               zend_update_property_null(ce_Symbol, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("value"));
        }
        ion_string_from_zend(&obj->sym.value, obj->value);
        if (obj->iloc) {
                update_property_obj(&obj->std, ZEND_STRL("importLocation"), obj->iloc);
                obj->sym.import_location = php_ion_obj(symbol_iloc, obj->iloc)->loc;
        } else {
-               zend_update_property_null(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("importLocation"));
+               zend_update_property_null(ce_Symbol, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("importLocation"));
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_dtor(php_ion_symbol *obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_dtor(php_ion_symbol *obj)
 {
        if (obj->value) {
                zend_string_release(obj->value);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_copy(php_ion_symbol *new_obj, php_ion_symbol *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_copy(php_ion_symbol *new_obj, php_ion_symbol *old_obj)
 {
        zend_objects_clone_members(&new_obj->std, &old_obj->std);
        new_obj->sym = old_obj->sym;
@@ -583,7 +598,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_copy(php_ion_symbol *new_obj, php_ion_symbol *old_obj)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_zval(ION_SYMBOL *sym_ptr, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_symbol_zval(ION_SYMBOL *sym_ptr, zval *return_value)
 {
        object_init_ex(return_value, ce_Symbol);
        php_ion_symbol *sym = php_ion_obj(symbol, Z_OBJ_P(return_value));
@@ -609,7 +624,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_zval(ION_SYMBOL *sym_ptr, zval *return_value)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL zval *php_ion_global_symbol_fetch_by_enum(zend_string *name)
+static zval *php_ion_global_symbol_fetch_by_enum(zend_string *name)
 {
        zval *zgs = zend_hash_find(&php_ion_globals.symbol.cache, name);
        if (!zgs) {
@@ -638,21 +653,25 @@ typedef struct php_ion_symbol_table {
        zend_object std;
 } php_ion_symbol_table;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_ctor(php_ion_symbol_table *obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_table_ctor(php_ion_symbol_table *obj)
 {
        OBJ_CHECK(obj);
 
-       ION_STRING is;
-       if (IERR_OK == ion_symbol_table_get_name(obj->tab, &is)) {
-               zend_update_property_stringl(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("name"), (char *) is.value, is.length);
-       }
-       int32_t iv;
-       if (IERR_OK == ion_symbol_table_get_version(obj->tab, &iv)) {
-               zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("version"), iv);
+       ION_SYMBOL_TABLE_TYPE typ = ist_EMPTY;
+       ion_symbol_table_get_type(obj->tab, &typ);
+       if (typ != ist_LOCAL) {
+               ION_STRING is;
+               if (IERR_OK == ion_symbol_table_get_name(obj->tab, &is)) {
+                       zend_update_property_stringl(ce_Symbol_Table_Shared, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("name"), (char *) is.value, is.length);
+               }
+               int32_t iv;
+               if (IERR_OK == ion_symbol_table_get_version(obj->tab, &iv)) {
+                       zend_update_property_long(ce_Symbol_Table_Shared, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("version"), iv);
+               }
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_dtor(php_ion_symbol_table *obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_table_dtor(php_ion_symbol_table *obj)
 {
        if (obj->tab) {
                if (obj->dtor) {
@@ -662,7 +681,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_dtor(php_ion_symbol_table *obj)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_copy(php_ion_symbol_table *new_obj, php_ion_symbol_table *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_symbol_table_copy(php_ion_symbol_table *new_obj, php_ion_symbol_table *old_obj)
 {
        // do not clone cache members
        // zend_objects_clone_members(...)
@@ -675,7 +694,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_copy(php_ion_symbol_table *new_obj, php_ion_symb
        php_ion_symbol_table_ctor(new_obj);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_import(php_ion_symbol_table *obj, php_ion_symbol_table *import)
+static void php_ion_symbol_table_import(php_ion_symbol_table *obj, php_ion_symbol_table *import)
 {
        OBJ_CHECK(obj);
        OBJ_CHECK(import);
@@ -695,7 +714,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_import(php_ion_symbol_table *obj, php_ion_symbol
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_symbol_table_symbol_zval(php_ion_symbol_table *obj, ION_SYMBOL *sym, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_symbol_table_symbol_zval(php_ion_symbol_table *obj, ION_SYMBOL *sym, zval *return_value)
 {
        zval tmp;
        zval *zsyms = zend_read_property(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("symbols"), 0, &tmp);
@@ -724,7 +743,7 @@ typedef struct php_ion_decimal_ctx {
 
 #define php_ion_decimal_ctx_init_max(c, rounding) \
        php_ion_decimal_ctx_init((c), DEC_MAX_DIGITS, DEC_MAX_EMAX, DEC_MIN_EMIN, (rounding), false)
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctx_init(decContext *ctx,
+static void php_ion_decimal_ctx_init(decContext *ctx,
                int digits, int emax, int emin, enum rounding round, zend_bool clamp)
 {
        memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
@@ -735,7 +754,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctx_init(decContext *ctx,
        ctx->clamp = clamp;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctx_ctor(php_ion_decimal_ctx *obj, zend_object *o_round)
+static void php_ion_decimal_ctx_ctor(php_ion_decimal_ctx *obj, zend_object *o_round)
 {
        if (!obj->ctx.digits) {
                php_ion_decimal_ctx_init_max(&obj->ctx, DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN);
@@ -745,17 +764,17 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctx_ctor(php_ion_decimal_ctx *obj, zend_object *o_rou
        } else {
                zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("round"), obj->ctx.round);
        }
-       zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("digits"), obj->ctx.digits);
-       zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("eMax"), obj->ctx.emax);
-       zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("eMin"), obj->ctx.emin);
-       zend_update_property_bool(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("clamp"), obj->ctx.clamp);
+       zend_update_property_long(ce_Decimal_Context, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("digits"), obj->ctx.digits);
+       zend_update_property_long(ce_Decimal_Context, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("eMax"), obj->ctx.emax);
+       zend_update_property_long(ce_Decimal_Context, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("eMin"), obj->ctx.emin);
+       zend_update_property_bool(ce_Decimal_Context, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("clamp"), obj->ctx.clamp);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctx_dtor(php_ion_decimal_ctx *obj)
+static void php_ion_decimal_ctx_dtor(php_ion_decimal_ctx *obj)
 {
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctx_copy(php_ion_decimal_ctx *new_obj, php_ion_decimal_ctx *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_decimal_ctx_copy(php_ion_decimal_ctx *new_obj, php_ion_decimal_ctx *old_obj)
 {
        zend_objects_clone_members(&new_obj->std, &old_obj->std);
        new_obj->ctx = old_obj->ctx;
@@ -768,7 +787,7 @@ typedef struct php_ion_decimal {
        zend_object *ctx, std;
 } php_ion_decimal;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_from_zend_long(ION_DECIMAL *dec, decContext *ctx, zend_long num)
+static void php_ion_decimal_from_zend_long(ION_DECIMAL *dec, decContext *ctx, zend_long num)
 {
        if (num <= INT32_MAX && num >= INT32_MIN) {
                ION_CHECK(ion_decimal_from_int32(dec, num));
@@ -787,14 +806,14 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_from_zend_long(ION_DECIMAL *dec, decContext *ctx, zen
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL zend_string *php_ion_decimal_to_string(ION_DECIMAL *dec)
+static zend_string *php_ion_decimal_to_string(ION_DECIMAL *dec)
 {
        zend_string *zstr = zend_string_alloc(ION_DECIMAL_STRLEN(dec), 0);
        (void) ion_decimal_to_string(dec, zstr->val);
        return zend_string_truncate(zstr, strlen(zstr->val), 0);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_to_zend_long(ION_DECIMAL *dec, decContext *ctx, zend_long *l)
+static void php_ion_decimal_to_zend_long(ION_DECIMAL *dec, decContext *ctx, zend_long *l)
 {
        ION_INT *ii = NULL;
        ION_CHECK(ion_int_alloc(NULL, &ii));
@@ -805,7 +824,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_to_zend_long(ION_DECIMAL *dec, decContext *ctx, zend_
        ion_int_free(ii);
 }
 
-LOCAL bool php_ion_decimal_fits_zend_long(php_ion_decimal *obj)
+static bool php_ion_decimal_fits_zend_long(php_ion_decimal *obj)
 {
        int32_t result;
 
@@ -826,7 +845,7 @@ LOCAL bool php_ion_decimal_fits_zend_long(php_ion_decimal *obj)
        return true;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctor(php_ion_decimal *obj)
+static void php_ion_decimal_ctor(php_ion_decimal *obj)
 {
        if (!obj->ctx) {
                zval zdc;
@@ -840,20 +859,20 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_ctor(php_ion_decimal *obj)
        if (php_ion_decimal_fits_zend_long(obj)) {
                zend_long l;
                php_ion_decimal_to_zend_long(&obj->dec, &php_ion_obj(decimal_ctx, obj->ctx)->ctx, &l);
-               zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("number"), l);
+               zend_update_property_long(ce_Decimal, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("number"), l);
        } else {
                zend_string *zstr = php_ion_decimal_to_string(&obj->dec);
-               zend_update_property_str(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("number"), zstr);
+               zend_update_property_str(ce_Decimal, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("number"), zstr);
                zend_string_release(zstr);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_dtor(php_ion_decimal *obj)
+static void php_ion_decimal_dtor(php_ion_decimal *obj)
 {
        ion_decimal_free(&obj->dec);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_decimal_copy(php_ion_decimal *new_obj, php_ion_decimal *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_decimal_copy(php_ion_decimal *new_obj, php_ion_decimal *old_obj)
 {
        zend_objects_clone_members(&new_obj->std, &old_obj->std);
        new_obj->ctx = old_obj->ctx;
@@ -864,7 +883,7 @@ php_ion_decl(decimal, Decimal);
 
 typedef php_date_obj php_ion_timestamp;
 
-LOCAL zend_long php_usec_from_ion(const decQuad *frac, decContext *ctx)
+static zend_long php_usec_from_ion(const decQuad *frac, decContext *ctx)
 {
        if (!ctx) {
                ctx = &php_ion_globals.decimal.ctx;
@@ -874,7 +893,7 @@ LOCAL zend_long php_usec_from_ion(const decQuad *frac, decContext *ctx)
        return (zend_long) decQuadToUInt32(&result, ctx, DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN);
 }
 
-LOCAL decQuad *ion_ts_frac_from_usec(decQuad *frac, int usec, decContext *ctx)
+static decQuad *ion_ts_frac_from_usec(decQuad *frac, int usec, decContext *ctx)
 {
        if (!ctx) {
                ctx = &php_ion_globals.decimal.ctx;
@@ -883,12 +902,12 @@ LOCAL decQuad *ion_ts_frac_from_usec(decQuad *frac, int usec, decContext *ctx)
        return decQuadDivide(frac, decQuadFromInt32(&us, usec), decQuadFromInt32(&microsecs, 1000000), ctx);
 }
 
-LOCAL zend_string *php_ion_timestamp_format_fetch(zend_string *fmt_case)
+static zend_string *php_ion_timestamp_format_fetch(zend_string *fmt_case)
 {
        return Z_STR_P(zend_enum_fetch_case_value(zend_enum_get_case(ce_Timestamp_Format, fmt_case)));
 }
 
-LOCAL zend_string *php_dt_format_from_precision(uint8_t precision)
+static zend_string *php_dt_format_from_precision(uint8_t precision)
 {
        switch (precision) {
        case ION_TS_FRAC | 0x80:
@@ -910,11 +929,11 @@ LOCAL zend_string *php_dt_format_from_precision(uint8_t precision)
        case ION_TS_YEAR:
                return php_ion_timestamp_format_fetch(g_intern_str.Year);
        default:
-               return zend_one_char_string['c'];
+               return ZSTR_CHAR('c');
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL timelib_time* php_time_from_ion(const ION_TIMESTAMP *ts, decContext *ctx, zend_string **fmt)
+static timelib_time* php_time_from_ion(const ION_TIMESTAMP *ts, decContext *ctx, zend_string **fmt)
 {
        timelib_time *time = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*time));
 
@@ -959,7 +978,7 @@ LOCAL timelib_time* php_time_from_ion(const ION_TIMESTAMP *ts, decContext *ctx,
        return time;
 }
 
-LOCAL ION_TIMESTAMP *ion_timestamp_from_php(ION_TIMESTAMP *buf, php_ion_timestamp *ts, decContext *ctx)
+static ION_TIMESTAMP *ion_timestamp_from_php(ION_TIMESTAMP *buf, php_ion_timestamp *ts, decContext *ctx)
 {
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
 
@@ -967,7 +986,7 @@ LOCAL ION_TIMESTAMP *ion_timestamp_from_php(ION_TIMESTAMP *buf, php_ion_timestam
        int precision = Z_LVAL_P(zend_read_property(ts->std.ce, &ts->std, ZEND_STRL("precision"), 0, &tmp));
 
        if (!precision || precision > (ION_TS_FRAC|0x80)) {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
                                "Invalid precision (%d) of ion\\Timestamp", precision);
        } else switch ((buf->precision = precision) & 0x7f) {
        case ION_TS_FRAC:
@@ -999,15 +1018,15 @@ LOCAL ION_TIMESTAMP *ion_timestamp_from_php(ION_TIMESTAMP *buf, php_ion_timestam
        return buf;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_timestamp_ctor(php_ion_timestamp *obj, zend_long precision, zend_string *fmt, zend_string *dt, zval *tz)
+static void php_ion_timestamp_ctor(php_ion_timestamp *obj, zend_long precision, zend_string *fmt, zend_string *dt, zval *tz)
 {
        if (!obj->time) {
                php_date_initialize(obj, dt ? dt->val : "", dt ? dt->len : 0, fmt ? fmt->val : NULL, tz, PHP_DATE_INIT_CTOR);
        }
-       zend_update_property_long(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("precision"), precision);
+       zend_update_property_long(ce_Timestamp, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("precision"), precision);
 
        fmt = php_dt_format_from_precision(precision);
-       zend_update_property_str(obj->std.ce, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("format"), fmt);
+       zend_update_property_str(ce_Timestamp, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("format"), fmt);
        zend_string_release(fmt);
 }
 
@@ -1016,19 +1035,19 @@ typedef struct php_ion_catalog {
        zend_object std;
 } php_ion_catalog;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_ctor(php_ion_catalog *obj)
+static void php_ion_catalog_ctor(php_ion_catalog *obj)
 {
        ION_CHECK(ion_catalog_open(&obj->cat));
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_dtor(php_ion_catalog *obj)
+static void php_ion_catalog_dtor(php_ion_catalog *obj)
 {
        if (obj->cat) {
                ion_catalog_close(obj->cat);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL ION_COLLECTION *php_ion_catalog_collection(php_ion_catalog *cat)
+static ION_COLLECTION *php_ion_catalog_collection(php_ion_catalog *cat)
 {
        /* do not look too close */
        struct {
@@ -1043,7 +1062,7 @@ LOCAL ION_COLLECTION *php_ion_catalog_collection(php_ion_catalog *cat)
 # define IPCN_pNODE_TO_pDATA(x)    (&((x)->_data[0]))
 #endif
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_copy(php_ion_catalog *new_obj, php_ion_catalog *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_catalog_copy(php_ion_catalog *new_obj, php_ion_catalog *old_obj)
 {
        // do not clone cache members
        php_ion_catalog_ctor(new_obj);
@@ -1063,7 +1082,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_copy(php_ion_catalog *new_obj, php_ion_catalog *old_o
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL zend_string *ion_symbol_table_to_key(ION_SYMBOL_TABLE *tab)
+static zend_string *ion_symbol_table_to_key(ION_SYMBOL_TABLE *tab)
 {
        int32_t version;
        ION_STRING is;
@@ -1079,7 +1098,7 @@ LOCAL zend_string *ion_symbol_table_to_key(ION_SYMBOL_TABLE *tab)
        return s.s;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_add_symbol_table(php_ion_catalog *obj, php_ion_symbol_table *tab)
+static void php_ion_catalog_add_symbol_table(php_ion_catalog *obj, php_ion_symbol_table *tab)
 {
        OBJ_CHECK(obj);
        OBJ_CHECK(tab);
@@ -1105,7 +1124,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_add_symbol_table(php_ion_catalog *obj, php_ion_symbol
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_symbol_table_zval(php_ion_catalog *obj, ION_SYMBOL_TABLE *tab, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_catalog_symbol_table_zval(php_ion_catalog *obj, ION_SYMBOL_TABLE *tab, zval *return_value)
 {
        zend_string *key = ion_symbol_table_to_key(tab);
        PTR_CHECK(key);
@@ -1120,11 +1139,9 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_catalog_symbol_table_zval(php_ion_catalog *obj, ION_SYMBOL_TA
                }
        }
 
-       php_error_docref(NULL, E_NOTICE, "Previously unknown ion\\Symbol\\Table encountered: %s", key->val);
-
        object_init_ex(return_value, ce_Symbol_Table_Shared);
        php_ion_symbol_table *o_tab = php_ion_obj(symbol_table, Z_OBJ_P(return_value));
-       OBJ_CHECK(o_tab, zend_string_release(key));
+       o_tab->tab = tab;
        php_ion_symbol_table_ctor(o_tab);
 
        if (ztabs) {
@@ -1151,14 +1168,14 @@ typedef struct php_ion_reader_options {
        zend_object *cat, *dec_ctx, *cb, std;
 } php_ion_reader_options;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_options_dtor(php_ion_reader_options *obj)
+static void php_ion_reader_options_dtor(php_ion_reader_options *obj)
 {
        if (obj->cb) {
                zend_fcall_info_args_clear(&obj->ccn.fci, true);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_options_copy(php_ion_reader_options *new_obj, php_ion_reader_options *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_reader_options_copy(php_ion_reader_options *new_obj, php_ion_reader_options *old_obj)
 {
        zend_objects_clone_members(&new_obj->std, &old_obj->std);
 
@@ -1176,13 +1193,6 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_reader_options_copy(php_ion_reader_options *new_obj, php_ion_
 
 php_ion_decl(reader_options, Reader_Options);
 
-LOCAL zend_object *php_ion_reader_options_new(void)
-{
-       zend_object *obj = create_ion_Reader_Options(NULL);
-       zend_call_known_instance_method_with_0_params(obj->ce->constructor, obj, NULL);
-       return obj;
-}
-
 typedef struct php_ion_reader {
        ION_READER *reader;
        ION_TYPE state;
@@ -1200,7 +1210,7 @@ typedef struct php_ion_reader {
        zend_object *opt, std;
 } php_ion_reader;
 
-LOCAL iERR php_ion_reader_stream_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
+static iERR php_ion_reader_stream_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
 {
        php_ion_reader *reader = (php_ion_reader *) user->handler_state;
        size_t remaining = 0, spare = reader->stream.buf.length;
@@ -1226,7 +1236,7 @@ LOCAL iERR php_ion_reader_stream_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
        return IERR_READ_ERROR;
 }
 
-LOCAL iERR on_context_change(void *context, ION_COLLECTION *imports)
+static iERR on_context_change(void *context, ION_COLLECTION *imports)
 {
        iERR e = IERR_OK;
 
@@ -1244,12 +1254,16 @@ LOCAL iERR on_context_change(void *context, ION_COLLECTION *imports)
        return e;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_ctor(php_ion_reader *obj)
+static void php_ion_reader_ctor(php_ion_reader *obj)
 {
        iERR err;
        php_ion_reader_options *opt = php_ion_obj(reader_options, obj->opt);
 
-       if (opt && opt->opt.context_change_notifier.context) {
+       if (!opt) {
+               obj->opt = object_construct(ce_Reader_Options, 0, NULL, NULL);
+               update_property_obj_ex(ce_Reader_Reader, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("options"), obj->opt);
+               OBJ_RELEASE(obj->opt);
+       } else if (opt->opt.context_change_notifier.context) {
                php_ion_reader_options_ccn_ctx *ctx = opt->opt.context_change_notifier.context;
                ctx->obj = &obj->std;
                opt->opt.context_change_notifier.notify = on_context_change;
@@ -1258,7 +1272,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_reader_ctor(php_ion_reader *obj)
                PTR_CHECK(obj->stream.ptr);
                GC_ADDREF(obj->stream.ptr->res);
 
-               obj->stream.buf.length = opt && opt->opt.allocation_page_size ? opt->opt.allocation_page_size : 0x10000;
+               obj->stream.buf.length = opt && opt->opt.chunk_threshold ? opt->opt.chunk_threshold : 0x4000;
                obj->stream.buf.value = emalloc(obj->stream.buf.length);
                err = ion_reader_open_stream(&obj->reader, obj, php_ion_reader_stream_handler, opt ? &opt->opt : NULL);
 
@@ -1270,7 +1284,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_reader_ctor(php_ion_reader *obj)
        OBJ_CHECK(obj);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_dtor(php_ion_reader *obj)
+static void php_ion_reader_dtor(php_ion_reader *obj)
 {
        if (obj->reader) {
                ion_reader_close(obj->reader);
@@ -1298,7 +1312,7 @@ typedef struct php_ion_writer_options {
        zend_object *cat, *dec_ctx, std;
 } php_ion_writer_options;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_options_copy(php_ion_writer_options *new_obj, php_ion_writer_options *old_obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_options_copy(php_ion_writer_options *new_obj, php_ion_writer_options *old_obj)
 {
        zend_objects_clone_members(&new_obj->std, &old_obj->std);
 
@@ -1307,13 +1321,13 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_options_copy(php_ion_writer_options *new_obj, php_ion_
        new_obj->dec_ctx = old_obj->dec_ctx;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_options_dtor(php_ion_writer_options *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_options_dtor(php_ion_writer_options *obj)
 {
 }
 
 php_ion_decl(writer_options, Writer_Options);
 
-LOCAL zend_object *php_ion_writer_options_new(void)
+static zend_object *php_ion_writer_options_new(void)
 {
        zend_object *obj = create_ion_Writer_Options(NULL);
        zend_call_known_instance_method_with_0_params(obj->ce->constructor, obj, NULL);
@@ -1340,7 +1354,7 @@ typedef struct php_ion_writer {
 
 } php_ion_writer;
 
-LOCAL iERR php_ion_writer_stream_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
+static iERR php_ion_writer_stream_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
 {
        php_ion_writer *writer = (php_ion_writer *) user->handler_state;
 
@@ -1355,16 +1369,16 @@ LOCAL iERR php_ion_writer_stream_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
        return IERR_OK;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_stream_init(php_ion_writer *obj, php_ion_writer_options *opt)
+static void php_ion_writer_stream_init(php_ion_writer *obj, php_ion_writer_options *opt)
 {
        PTR_CHECK(obj->stream.ptr);
        GC_ADDREF(obj->stream.ptr->res);
 
-       obj->stream.buf.length = opt ? opt->opt.allocation_page_size : 0x1000;
+       obj->stream.buf.length = opt ? opt->opt.temp_buffer_size : 0x1000;
        obj->stream.buf.value = emalloc(obj->stream.buf.length);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_offer(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_buffer_offer(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        if (obj->buffer.usr) {
                obj->buffer.usr->curr = (BYTE *) &obj->buffer.str.s->val[obj->buffer.str.s->len];
@@ -1372,20 +1386,20 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_offer(php_ion_writer *obj)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_init(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_buffer_init(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        smart_str_alloc(&obj->buffer.str, 0, false);
        php_ion_writer_buffer_offer(obj);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_reset(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_buffer_reset(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        smart_str_free(&obj->buffer.str);
        memset(&obj->buffer.str, 0, sizeof(obj->buffer.str));
        php_ion_writer_buffer_init(obj);
 }
 
-LOCAL zend_string *php_ion_writer_buffer_copy(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static zend_string *php_ion_writer_buffer_copy(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        if (obj->buffer.usr) {
                // ensure that brain-dead ion_stream interface calls us again
@@ -1396,7 +1410,7 @@ LOCAL zend_string *php_ion_writer_buffer_copy(php_ion_writer *obj)
        return zend_string_copy(obj->buffer.str.s);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_separate(php_ion_writer *obj, bool grow)
+static void php_ion_writer_buffer_separate(php_ion_writer *obj, bool grow)
 {
        // see zend_string_separate and smart_str_erealloc
        zend_string *old_str = obj->buffer.str.s;
@@ -1406,7 +1420,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_separate(php_ion_writer *obj, bool grow)
        obj->buffer.str.s = new_str;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_grow(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_buffer_grow(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        if (obj->buffer.usr && obj->buffer.usr->curr) {
                obj->buffer.str.s->len = obj->buffer.usr->curr - (BYTE *) obj->buffer.str.s->val;
@@ -1424,7 +1438,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_buffer_grow(php_ion_writer *obj)
 }
 
 
-LOCAL iERR php_ion_writer_buffer_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
+static iERR php_ion_writer_buffer_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
 {
        php_ion_writer *writer = (php_ion_writer *) user->handler_state;
        writer->buffer.usr = user;
@@ -1432,7 +1446,7 @@ LOCAL iERR php_ion_writer_buffer_handler(struct _ion_user_stream *user)
        return IERR_OK;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_options_init_shared_imports(php_ion_writer_options *opt)
+static void php_ion_writer_options_init_shared_imports(php_ion_writer_options *opt)
 {
        php_ion_catalog *cat = php_ion_obj(catalog, opt->cat);
        OBJ_CHECK(cat);
@@ -1454,7 +1468,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_options_init_shared_imports(php_ion_writer_options *op
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_ctor(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_ctor(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        php_ion_writer_options *opt = NULL;
 
@@ -1464,6 +1478,10 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_ctor(php_ion_writer *obj)
                if (opt->cat) {
                        php_ion_writer_options_init_shared_imports(opt);
                }
+       } else {
+               obj->opt = object_construct(ce_Writer_Options, 0, NULL, NULL);
+               update_property_obj_ex(ce_Writer_Options, &obj->std, ZEND_STRL("options"), obj->opt);
+               OBJ_RELEASE(obj->opt);
        }
 
        ION_STREAM_HANDLER h;
@@ -1475,12 +1493,11 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_ctor(php_ion_writer *obj)
                php_ion_writer_buffer_init(obj);
        }
 
-
        ION_CHECK(ion_writer_open_stream(&obj->writer, h, obj, opt ? &opt->opt : NULL));
        OBJ_CHECK(obj);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_writer_dtor(php_ion_writer *obj)
+static void php_ion_writer_dtor(php_ion_writer *obj)
 {
        if (obj->writer) {
                ion_writer_close(obj->writer);
@@ -1510,50 +1527,57 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_writer_dtor(php_ion_writer *obj)
 php_ion_decl(writer, Writer_Writer);
 #define clone_ion_Writer_Writer NULL
 
-typedef struct php_ion_serializer_php {
-       php_ion_serializer serializer;
-       zend_object *opt, std;
-} php_ion_serializer_php;
+static bool can_serialize_fast(php_ion_serializer *ser)
+{
+       if (ser->wri->ce != ce_Writer_Buffer_Writer && ser->wri->ce != ce_Writer_Stream_Writer) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       if (ser->std.ce != ce_Serializer_Serializer) {
+               return false;
+       }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serializer_php_ctor(php_ion_serializer_php *ser_obj)
+       return true;
+}
+
+static void php_ion_serializer_ctor(php_ion_serializer *ser_obj)
 {
        php_ion_serializer *global_ser = &php_ion_globals.serializer;
-       ser_obj->serializer.ids = global_ser->ids;
-       ser_obj->serializer.tmp = global_ser->tmp;
-
-       zend_update_property_bool(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("multiSequence"),
-                       ser_obj->serializer.multi_seq);
-       zend_update_property_bool(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callMagicSerialize"),
-                       ser_obj->serializer.call_magic);
-       if (ser_obj->serializer.call_custom) {
-               zend_update_property_str(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomSerialize"),
-                               ser_obj->serializer.call_custom);
-               ser_obj->serializer.call_custom = zend_string_tolower(ser_obj->serializer.call_custom);
+       ser_obj->ids = global_ser->ids;
+       ser_obj->tmp = global_ser->tmp;
+
+       zend_update_property_bool(ce_Serializer_Serializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("multiSequence"),
+                       ser_obj->multi_seq);
+       zend_update_property_bool(ce_Serializer_Serializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callMagicSerialize"),
+                       ser_obj->call_magic);
+       if (ser_obj->call_custom) {
+               zend_update_property_str(ce_Serializer_Serializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomSerialize"),
+                               ser_obj->call_custom);
+               ser_obj->call_custom = zend_string_tolower(ser_obj->call_custom);
        } else {
-               zend_update_property_null(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomSerialize"));
-       }
-       if (!ser_obj->opt) {
-               ser_obj->opt = php_ion_writer_options_new();
-       } else {
-               GC_ADDREF(ser_obj->opt);
+               zend_update_property_null(ce_Serializer_Serializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomSerialize"));
        }
-       ser_obj->serializer.options = &php_ion_obj(writer_options, ser_obj->opt)->opt;
-       update_property_obj(&ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("writerOptions"), ser_obj->opt);
-       GC_DELREF(ser_obj->opt);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serializer_php_dtor(php_ion_serializer_php *obj)
+static void php_ion_serializer_dtor(php_ion_serializer *obj)
 {
-       if (obj->serializer.call_custom) {
-               zend_string_release(obj->serializer.call_custom);
+       if (obj->call_custom) {
+               zend_string_release(obj->call_custom);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_zval(php_ion_serializer *, zval *);
+static void php_ion_serialize_zval(php_ion_serializer *, zval *);
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_struct(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr, bool unmangle_props, bool annotate_props)
+static void php_ion_serialize_struct(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr, bool unmangle_props, bool annotate_props)
 {
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_start_container(ser->writer, tid_STRUCT));
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_start_container(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, tid_STRUCT));
+       } else {
+               zval z_type;
+               ZVAL_OBJ(&z_type, php_ion_type_fetch(tid_STRUCT));
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "startContainer", NULL, &z_type);
+               ION_CATCH();
+       }
 
        zval *v;
        zend_ulong h;
@@ -1566,8 +1590,18 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_struct(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr, bo
                        const char *class_name, *prop_name;
                        if (unmangle_props && (SUCCESS == zend_unmangle_property_name_ex(k, &class_name, &prop_name, &prop_len)) && class_name) {
                                if (annotate_props) {
-                                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_PROPERTY));
-                                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(ser->writer, ion_string_assign_cstr(&is, (char *) class_name, prop_name - class_name - 1)));
+                                       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+                                               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_PROPERTY));
+                                               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer,
+                                                                                                                       ion_string_assign_cstr(&is, (char *) class_name, prop_name - class_name - 1)));
+                                       } else {
+                                               zval z_ann_prop, z_ann_class;
+                                               ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_prop, 'p');
+                                               ZVAL_STRINGL(&z_ann_class, class_name, prop_name - class_name);
+                                               zend_call_method_with_2_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_prop, &z_ann_class);
+                                               zval_ptr_dtor(&z_ann_class);
+                                               ION_CATCH();
+                                       }
                                }
                        } else {
                                prop_name = k->val;
@@ -1580,41 +1614,55 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_struct(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr, bo
                        ion_string_assign_cstr(&is, ptr, (SIZE) (end - ptr));
                }
 
-               // WATCH OUT: field names need to be copied
-               ION_STRING fn;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_string_copy_to_owner(ser->writer, &fn, &is));
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_field_name(ser->writer, &fn));
+               if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       // WATCH OUT: field names need to be copied
+                       ION_STRING fn;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_string_copy_to_owner(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &fn, &is));
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_field_name(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &fn));
+               } else {
+                       zval z_field_name;
+                       ZVAL_STRINGL(&z_field_name, (const char *) is.value, is.length);
+                       zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeFieldName", NULL, &z_field_name);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&z_field_name);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+               }
 
                php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, v);
                ION_CATCH();
        ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_finish_container(ser->writer));
+       if(can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_finish_container(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer));
+       } else {
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "finishContainer", NULL);
+       }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_list(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr)
+static void php_ion_serialize_list(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr)
 {
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_start_container(ser->writer, tid_LIST));
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_start_container(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, tid_LIST));
+       } else {
+               zval z_type;
+               ZVAL_OBJ(&z_type, php_ion_type_fetch(tid_LIST));
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "startContainer", NULL, &z_type);
+               ION_CATCH();
+       }
 
        zval *v;
        ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL_IND(arr, v)
-               php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, v);
-               ION_CATCH();
+                       php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, v);
+                       ION_CATCH();
        ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_finish_container(ser->writer));
-}
-
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_array(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_array *arr)
-{
-       if (zend_array_is_list(arr)) {
-               php_ion_serialize_list(ser, arr);
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_finish_container(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer));
        } else {
-               php_ion_serialize_struct(ser, arr, false, false);
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "finishContainer", NULL);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_iface(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
+static void php_ion_serialize_object_iface(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
 {
        uint8_t *buf;
        size_t len;
@@ -1622,18 +1670,30 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_iface(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *
 
        ZVAL_OBJ(&tmp, zobject);
        if (SUCCESS == zobject->ce->serialize(&tmp, &buf, &len, NULL)) {
-               ION_STRING is;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_SERIALIZEABLE));
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(ser->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_clob(ser->writer, buf, len));
-               efree(buf);
+               if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_STRING is;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_SERIALIZEABLE));
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_clob(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, buf, len));
+                       efree(buf);
+               } else {
+                       zval z_ann_srlzbl, z_ann_class, z_clob;
+                       ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_srlzbl, 'S');
+                       ZVAL_STR_COPY(&z_ann_class, zobject->ce->name);
+                       zend_call_method_with_2_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_srlzbl, &z_ann_class);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&z_ann_class);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+                       ZVAL_STRINGL(&z_clob, (const char *) buf, len);
+                       zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeCLob", NULL, &z_clob);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&z_clob);
+               }
        } else if (!EG(exception)){
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_UnexpectedValueException, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                "Failed to serialize class %s", zobject->ce->name->val);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_magic(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function *fn)
+static void php_ion_serialize_object_magic(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function *fn)
 {
        zval rv;
 
@@ -1642,38 +1702,73 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_magic(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *
        ION_CATCH();
 
        if (IS_ARRAY == Z_TYPE(rv)) {
-               ION_STRING is;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, fn ? &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_CUSTOM_OBJECT : &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_MAGIC_OBJECT));
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(ser->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
-               php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, &rv);
+               if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_STRING is;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, fn ? &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_CUSTOM_OBJECT : &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_MAGIC_OBJECT));
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
+               } else {
+                       zval z_ann_cust, z_ann_class;
+                       ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_cust, 'C');
+                       ZVAL_STR_COPY(&z_ann_class, zobject->ce->name);
+                       zend_call_method_with_2_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_cust, &z_ann_class);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&z_ann_class);
+               }
+               if (!EG(exception)) {
+                       php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, &rv);
+               }
                zval_ptr_dtor(&rv);
        } else {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_UnexpectedValueException, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                "%s serializer %s::%s did not return an array",
                                fn ? "Custom" : "Magic", zobject->ce->name->val,
                                fn ? fn->common.function_name->val : "__serialize");
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_enum(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
+static void php_ion_serialize_object_enum(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
 {
-       ION_STRING is;
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_ENUM));
-
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(ser->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
        zval *z_cname = zend_enum_fetch_case_name(zobject);
-       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_symbol(ser->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, Z_STR_P(z_cname))));
+
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_STRING is;
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_ENUM));
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, Z_STR_P(z_cname))));
+       } else {
+               zval z_ann_enm, z_ann_class;
+               ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_enm, 'E');
+               ZVAL_STR_COPY(&z_ann_class, zobject->ce->name);
+               zend_call_method_with_2_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_enm, &z_ann_class);
+               zval_ptr_dtor(&z_ann_class);
+               ION_CATCH();
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeSymbol", NULL, z_cname);
+       }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_std(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
+static void php_ion_serialize_object_std(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
 {
-       ION_STRING is;
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_STRING is;
 
-       if (zobject->ce != zend_standard_class_def) {
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_CLASS_OBJECT));
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(ser->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
+               if (zobject->ce != zend_standard_class_def) {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_CLASS_OBJECT));
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, zobject->ce->name)));
+               } else {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_OBJECT));
+               }
        } else {
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_OBJECT));
+               if (zobject->ce != zend_standard_class_def) {
+                       zval z_ann_cobj, z_ann_class;
+                       ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_cobj, 'c');
+                       ZVAL_STR_COPY(&z_ann_class, zobject->ce->name);
+                       zend_call_method_with_2_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_cobj, &z_ann_class);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&z_ann_class);
+               } else {
+                       zval z_ann_obj;
+                       ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_obj, 'o');
+                       zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_obj);
+               }
+               ION_CATCH();
        }
 
        zval zobj;
@@ -1683,42 +1778,51 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_std(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zo
                php_ion_serialize_struct(ser, props, true, true);
                zend_release_properties(props);
        } else {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_UnexpectedValueException, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                "Could not get properties for serialization of class %s",
                                zobject->ce->name->val);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object_lob(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
+static void php_ion_serialize_object_lob(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
 {
-       zval tmp_type, *type = zend_read_property(NULL, zobject, ZEND_STRL("type"), 0, &tmp_type);
-       zval tmp_value, *value = zend_read_property(NULL, zobject, ZEND_STRL("value"), 0, &tmp_value);
+       zval tmp_type, *type = zend_read_property_ex(NULL, zobject, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_TYPE), 0, &tmp_type);
+       zval tmp_value, *value = zend_read_property_ex(NULL, zobject, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_VALUE), 0, &tmp_value);
+
        switch (Z_LVAL_P(zend_enum_fetch_case_value(Z_OBJ_P(type)))) {
        case tid_BLOB_INT:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_blob(ser->writer, (BYTE *) Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value)));
+               if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_blob(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, (BYTE *) Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value)));
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeBLob", NULL, value);
+               }
                break;
        case tid_CLOB_INT:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_clob(ser->writer, (BYTE *) Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value)));
+               if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_clob(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, (BYTE *) Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value)));
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeCLob", NULL, value);
+               }
                break;
        default:
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
                                "Unsupported LOB type: ion\\Type::%s", Z_STRVAL_P(zend_enum_fetch_case_name(Z_OBJ_P(type))));
                break;
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL bool can_call_magic_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
+static bool can_call_magic_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
 {
        return ce->__serialize && ser->call_magic;
 }
 
-LOCAL bool can_call_iface_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
+static bool can_call_iface_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
 {
-  (void) ser;
+       (void) ser;
        return !!ce->serialize; // NOLINT
 }
 
-LOCAL bool can_call_custom_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function **fn)
+static bool can_call_custom_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function **fn)
 {
        if (ser->call_custom) {
                return !!(*fn = zend_hash_find_ptr(&zobject->ce->function_table, ser->call_custom)); // NOLINT
@@ -1726,15 +1830,28 @@ LOCAL bool can_call_custom_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobje
        return false;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject)
-{
+static bool is_special_class(const zend_class_entry *ce, zend_class_entry **target) {
+#define IS_TARGET(_ce) \
+    if (instanceof_function(ce, _ce)) { \
+        *target = _ce;    \
+        return true; \
+    }
+       IS_TARGET(ce_Symbol);
+       IS_TARGET(ce_Decimal);
+       IS_TARGET(ce_Timestamp);
+       IS_TARGET(ce_LOB);
+       return false;
+#undef IS_TARGET
+}
+
+static void php_ion_serialize_object(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobject) {
        zend_function *fn;
-       zend_class_entry *ce = zobject->ce;
+       zend_class_entry *special_ce, *ce = zobject->ce;
        ZEND_ASSERT(ce);
 
        if (ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_NOT_SERIALIZABLE) {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
-                               "Serializing %s is not allowed", ce->name->val);
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
+                                                               "Serializing %s is not allowed", ce->name->val);
                return;
        }
 
@@ -1746,29 +1863,49 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_object(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_object *zobjec
                php_ion_serialize_object_magic(ser, zobject, fn);
        } else if (zobject->ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM) {
                php_ion_serialize_object_enum(ser, zobject);
-       } else if (ce == ce_Symbol) {
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_ion_symbol(ser->writer, &php_ion_obj(symbol, zobject)->sym));
-       } else if (ce == ce_Decimal) {
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_ion_decimal(ser->writer, &php_ion_obj(decimal, zobject)->dec));
-       } else if (ce == ce_Timestamp) {
-               ION_TIMESTAMP its;
-               php_ion_timestamp *pts = php_ion_obj(timestamp, zobject);
-               decContext *ctx = ser->options ? ser->options->decimal_context : NULL;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_timestamp(ser->writer, ion_timestamp_from_php(&its, pts, ctx)));
-       } else if (ce == ce_LOB) {
-               php_ion_serialize_object_lob(ser, zobject);
-       } else {
+       } else if (!is_special_class(ce, &special_ce)) {
                php_ion_serialize_object_std(ser, zobject);
+       } else {
+               if (can_serialize_fast(ser) || special_ce == ce_LOB) {
+                       if (special_ce == ce_Symbol) {
+                               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_ion_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &php_ion_obj(symbol, zobject)->sym));
+                       } else if (special_ce == ce_Decimal) {
+                               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_ion_decimal(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &php_ion_obj(decimal, zobject)->dec));
+                       } else if (special_ce == ce_Timestamp) {
+                               ION_TIMESTAMP its;
+                               php_ion_timestamp *pts = php_ion_obj(timestamp, zobject);
+                               decContext *ctx = php_ion_obj(writer_options, php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->opt)->opt.decimal_context;
+                               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_timestamp(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_timestamp_from_php(&its, pts, ctx)));
+                       } else {
+                               assert(special_ce == ce_LOB);
+                               php_ion_serialize_object_lob(ser, zobject);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       zval z_param;
+                       const char *method = NULL;
+
+                       ZVAL_OBJ(&z_param, zobject);
+                       if (special_ce == ce_Symbol) {
+                               method = "writeSymbol";
+                       } else if (special_ce == ce_Decimal) {
+                               method = "writeDecimal";
+                       } else if (special_ce == ce_Timestamp) {
+                               method = "writeTimestamp";
+                       } else {
+                               assert(!!method);
+                       }
+                       zend_call_method(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, method, strlen(method), NULL, 1, &z_param, NULL);
+               }
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL bool php_ion_serialize_system_value(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
+static bool php_ion_serialize_system_value(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
 {
        if (1 == php_ion_globals.serializer.level) {
                if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_OBJECT) {
                        if (Z_OBJCE_P(zv) == ce_Symbol_Table_Shared) {
                                php_ion_symbol_table *obj = php_ion_obj(symbol_table, Z_OBJ_P(zv));
-                               ION_CHECK_RETURN(true, ion_symbol_table_unload(obj->tab, ser->writer));
+                               ION_CHECK_RETURN(true, ion_symbol_table_unload(obj->tab, php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer));
                                return true;
                        }
                }
@@ -1776,7 +1913,7 @@ LOCAL bool php_ion_serialize_system_value(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
        return false;
 }
 
-LOCAL bool php_ion_serialize_backref(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
+static bool php_ion_serialize_backref(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
 {
        if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) == IS_STRING && Z_STR_P(zv) == zend_empty_string) {
                return false;
@@ -1799,12 +1936,43 @@ LOCAL bool php_ion_serialize_backref(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
                return false;
        }
 
-       ION_CHECK_RETURN(true, ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_BACKREF));
-       ION_CHECK_RETURN(true, ion_writer_write_int64(ser->writer, Z_LVAL_P(ref)));
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK_RETURN(true, ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_BACKREF));
+               ION_CHECK_RETURN(true, ion_writer_write_int64(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, Z_LVAL_P(ref)));
+       } else {
+               zval z_ann_bref;
+               ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_bref, 'r');
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_bref);
+               ION_CATCH_RETURN(true);
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeInt", NULL, ref);
+       }
        return true;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_refcounted(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
+static void php_ion_serialize_string(php_ion_serializer *ser, zend_string *str)
+{
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_STRING is;
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_string(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, str)));
+       } else {
+
+       }
+}
+
+static void php_ion_serialize_reference(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *noref)
+{
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_REFERENCE));
+       } else {
+               zval z_ann_ref;
+               ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann_ref, 'R');
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeAnnotation", NULL, &z_ann_ref);
+               ION_CATCH();
+       }
+       php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, noref);
+
+}
+static void php_ion_serialize_refcounted(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
 {
        if (php_ion_serialize_system_value(ser, zv)) {
                return;
@@ -1813,14 +1981,17 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_refcounted(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
                return;
        }
 
-       ION_STRING is;
        switch (Z_TYPE_P(zv)) {
        case IS_STRING:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_string(ser->writer, ion_string_from_zend(&is, Z_STR_P(zv))));
+               php_ion_serialize_string(ser, Z_STR_P(zv));
                break;
 
        case IS_ARRAY:
-               php_ion_serialize_array(ser, Z_ARRVAL_P(zv));
+               if (zend_array_is_list(Z_ARRVAL_P(zv))) {
+                       php_ion_serialize_list(ser, Z_ARRVAL_P(zv));
+               } else {
+                       php_ion_serialize_struct(ser, Z_ARRVAL_P(zv), false, false);
+               }
                break;
 
        case IS_OBJECT:
@@ -1828,31 +1999,61 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_refcounted(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
                break;
 
        case IS_REFERENCE:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_add_annotation_symbol(ser->writer, &PHP_ION_SYMBOL_REFERENCE));
-               php_ion_serialize_zval(ser, Z_REFVAL_P(zv));
+               php_ion_serialize_reference(ser, Z_REFVAL_P(zv));
                break;
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_zval(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
+static void php_ion_serialize_scalar(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
+{
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               switch (Z_TYPE_P(zv)) {
+               case IS_NULL:
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_null(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer));
+                       break;
+               case IS_TRUE:
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_bool(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, TRUE));
+                       break;
+               case IS_FALSE:
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_bool(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, FALSE));
+                       break;
+               case IS_LONG:
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_int64(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, Z_LVAL_P(zv)));
+                       break;
+               case IS_DOUBLE:
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_double(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, Z_DVAL_P(zv)));
+                       break;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (Z_ISNULL_P(zv)) {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "writeNull", NULL);
+               } else {
+                       const char *method = NULL;
+
+                       if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) < IS_LONG) {
+                               method = "writeBool";
+                       } else if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) < IS_DOUBLE) {
+                               method = "writeInt";
+                       } else {
+                               method = "writeFloat";
+                       }
+
+                       zend_call_method(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, method, strlen(method), NULL, 1, zv, NULL);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void php_ion_serialize_zval(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
 {
-       OBJ_CHECK(ser);
+       PTR_CHECK(ser);
 
        switch (Z_TYPE_P(zv)) {
        case IS_NULL:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_null(ser->writer));
-               break;
        case IS_TRUE:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_bool(ser->writer, TRUE));
-               break;
        case IS_FALSE:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_bool(ser->writer, FALSE));
-               break;
        case IS_LONG:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_int64(ser->writer, Z_LVAL_P(zv)));
-               break;
        case IS_DOUBLE:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_writer_write_double(ser->writer, Z_DVAL_P(zv)));
+               php_ion_serialize_scalar(ser, zv);
                break;
        case IS_STRING:
        case IS_ARRAY:
@@ -1861,23 +2062,23 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_zval(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
                php_ion_serialize_refcounted(ser, zv);
                break;
        default:
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
                                "Failed to serialize value of type %s", zend_zval_type_name(zv));
        }
 }
 
-#define php_ion_serializer_php_copy(o,n)
-php_ion_decl(serializer_php, Serializer_PHP);
-#define clone_ion_Serializer_PHP NULL
+#define php_ion_serializer_copy(o,n)
+php_ion_decl(serializer, Serializer_Serializer);
+#define clone_ion_Serializer NULL
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_ex(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
+static void php_ion_serialize_ex(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
 {
        HashPosition pos;
        HashTable *arr = NULL;
 
        if (ser->multi_seq) {
                if (Z_TYPE_P(zv) != IS_ARRAY || !zend_array_is_list(Z_ARRVAL_P(zv))) {
-                       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
                                        "Expected a packed, consecutively numerically indexed array as argument to the multi sequence serializer");
                        return;
                }
@@ -1903,101 +2104,115 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_serialize_ex(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv)
 
 void php_ion_serialize(php_ion_serializer *ser, zval *zv, zval *return_value)
 {
-       zend_object *zo_opt = NULL, *zo_ser = NULL;
+       zend_object *zo_ser = NULL, *zo_wri = NULL;
 
        if (!ser) {
-               zo_ser = create_ion_Serializer_PHP(NULL);
-               php_ion_serializer_php *o_ser = php_ion_obj(serializer_php, zo_ser);
-               PTR_CHECK(o_ser);
-               o_ser->serializer.call_magic = true;
-               php_ion_serializer_php_ctor(o_ser);
+               zo_ser = create_ion_Serializer_Serializer(NULL);
+               ser = php_ion_obj(serializer, zo_ser);
+               PTR_CHECK(ser);
+               ser->call_magic = true;
+               php_ion_serializer_ctor(ser);
                ION_CATCH();
-               ser = &o_ser->serializer;
        }
 
-       zend_object *zo_writer = create_ion_Writer_Writer(ce_Writer_Buffer_Writer);
-       php_ion_writer *writer = php_ion_obj(writer, zo_writer);
-       writer->type = BUFFER_WRITER;
-
-       if (ser->options) {
-               zo_opt = writer->opt = php_ion_writer_options_new();
-               php_ion_obj(writer_options, writer->opt)->opt = *ser->options;
+       if (!ser->wri || !instanceof_function(ser->wri->ce, ce_Writer)) {
+               zo_wri = create_ion_Writer_Writer(ce_Writer_Buffer_Writer);
+               php_ion_writer *wri = php_ion_obj(writer, zo_wri);
+               wri->type = BUFFER_WRITER;
+               if (ser->wri && instanceof_function(ser->wri->ce, ce_Writer_Options)) {
+                       wri->opt = ser->wri;
+               }
+               php_ion_writer_ctor(wri);
+               ser->wri = zo_wri;
        }
 
-       php_ion_writer_ctor(writer);
-       ser->writer = writer->writer;
-       ser->buffer = &writer->buffer.str;
-
        if (!EG(exception)) {
                php_ion_serialize_ex(ser, zv);
        }
 
        /* make sure to flush when done, else str.s might not contain everything until the writer is closed */
-       ion_writer_flush(ser->writer, NULL);
-       RETVAL_STR_COPY(ser->buffer->s);
+       if (can_serialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ion_writer_flush(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->writer, NULL);
+       } else {
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(ser->wri, NULL, NULL, "flush", NULL);
+       }
+       RETVAL_STR_COPY(php_ion_obj(writer, ser->wri)->buffer.str.s);
 
-       OBJ_RELEASE(zo_writer);
-       if (zo_opt) {
-               OBJ_RELEASE(zo_opt);
+       if (zo_wri) {
+               OBJ_RELEASE(zo_wri);
        }
        if (zo_ser) {
                OBJ_RELEASE(zo_ser);
        }
 }
 
-typedef struct php_ion_unserializer_php {
-       php_ion_unserializer unserializer;
-       zend_object *opt, std;
-} php_ion_unserializer_php;
+static bool can_unserialize_fast(php_ion_unserializer *ser)
+{
+       if (ser->rdr->ce != ce_Reader_Buffer_Reader && ser->rdr->ce != ce_Reader_Stream_Reader) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       if (ser->std.ce != ce_Unserializer_Unserializer) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserializer_php_ctor(php_ion_unserializer_php *ser_obj)
+static void php_ion_unserializer_ctor(php_ion_unserializer *ser_obj)
 {
        php_ion_unserializer *global_ser = &php_ion_globals.unserializer;
-       ser_obj->unserializer.ids = global_ser->ids;
-       ser_obj->unserializer.tmp = global_ser->tmp;
-       ser_obj->unserializer.addref = global_ser->addref;
-
-       zend_update_property_bool(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("multiSequence"),
-                       ser_obj->unserializer.multi_seq);
-       zend_update_property_bool(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callMagicUnserialize"),
-                       ser_obj->unserializer.call_magic);
-       if (ser_obj->unserializer.call_custom) {
-               zend_update_property_str(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomUnserialize"),
-                               ser_obj->unserializer.call_custom);
-               ser_obj->unserializer.call_custom = zend_string_tolower(ser_obj->unserializer.call_custom);
+       ser_obj->ids = global_ser->ids;
+       ser_obj->tmp = global_ser->tmp;
+       ser_obj->addref = global_ser->addref;
+
+       zend_update_property_bool(ce_Unserializer_Unserializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("multiSequence"),
+                       ser_obj->multi_seq);
+       zend_update_property_bool(ce_Unserializer_Unserializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callMagicUnserialize"),
+                       ser_obj->call_magic);
+       if (ser_obj->call_custom) {
+               zend_update_property_str(ce_Unserializer_Unserializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomUnserialize"),
+                               ser_obj->call_custom);
+               ser_obj->call_custom = zend_string_tolower(ser_obj->call_custom);
        } else {
-               zend_update_property_null(ser_obj->std.ce, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomUnserialize"));
+               zend_update_property_null(ce_Unserializer_Unserializer, &ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("callCustomUnserialize"));
        }
-       if (!ser_obj->opt) {
-               ser_obj->opt = php_ion_reader_options_new();
-       } else {
-               GC_ADDREF(ser_obj->opt);
+}
+
+static void php_ion_unserializer_dtor(php_ion_unserializer *obj)
+{
+       if (obj->call_custom) {
+               zend_string_release(obj->call_custom);
        }
-       ser_obj->unserializer.options = &php_ion_obj(reader_options, ser_obj->opt)->opt;
-       update_property_obj(&ser_obj->std, ZEND_STRL("readerOptions"), ser_obj->opt);
-       GC_DELREF(ser_obj->opt);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserializer_php_dtor(php_ion_unserializer_php *obj)
+static void php_ion_unserializer_next(php_ion_unserializer *ser, ION_TYPE *typ)
 {
-       if (obj->unserializer.call_custom) {
-               zend_string_release(obj->unserializer.call_custom);
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_next(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, typ));
+       } else {
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "next", NULL);
+               ION_CATCH();
+               zval z_type;
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "key", &z_type);
+               ION_CATCH();
+               *typ = ion_type_from_enum(Z_OBJ(z_type));
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value, ION_TYPE *typ);
+static void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value, ION_TYPE *typ);
 
-LOCAL bool can_call_magic_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
+static bool can_call_magic_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
 {
        return (ce && ce->__unserialize && ser->call_magic);
 }
 
-LOCAL bool can_call_iface_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
+static bool can_call_iface_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_class_entry *ce)
 {
        return (ce && ce->unserialize);
 }
 
-LOCAL bool can_call_custom_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function **fn)
+static bool can_call_custom_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function **fn)
 {
        if (ser->call_custom) {
                return !!(*fn = zend_hash_find_ptr(&zobject->ce->function_table, ser->call_custom)); // NOLINT
@@ -2005,7 +2220,7 @@ LOCAL bool can_call_custom_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_object *z
        return false;
 }
 
-LOCAL zval *php_ion_unserialize_class(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static zval *php_ion_unserialize_class(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        zend_class_entry *ce = zend_lookup_class(ser->annotations.object_class);
 
@@ -2014,12 +2229,12 @@ LOCAL zval *php_ion_unserialize_class(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_va
                return zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
        }
 
-       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_IMPORT_NOT_FOUND,
+       zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_IMPORT_NOT_FOUND,
                        "Could not find class %s", ser->annotations.object_class->val);
        return NULL;
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object_enum(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_object_enum(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        zend_string *zs_case = zval_get_string(return_value);
        zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->tmp, return_value);
@@ -2028,12 +2243,12 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object_enum(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *retu
 
        zend_class_entry *ce = zend_lookup_class(ser->annotations.object_class);
        if (!ce || !(ce->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_ENUM)) {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                "Not a valid enum: %s", ser->annotations.object_class->val);
                return;
        }
        if (!zend_hash_exists(CE_CONSTANTS_TABLE(ce), zs_case)) {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                "Not a valid enum case: %s::%s", ser->annotations.object_class->val, zs_case->val);
                return;
        }
@@ -2042,7 +2257,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object_enum(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *retu
        zend_string_release(zs_case);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object_iface(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_object_iface(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        zend_class_entry *ce = zend_lookup_class(ser->annotations.object_class);
        if (can_call_iface_unserialize(ser, ce)) {
@@ -2052,57 +2267,69 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object_iface(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *ret
                zval *backref = zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
                if (SUCCESS == ce->unserialize(backref, ce, (BYTE *) s->val, s->len, NULL)) {
                        RETVAL_ZVAL(backref, 0, 0);
-               } else if (!EG(exception)) {
-                       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_UnexpectedValueException, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
-                                       "Failed to unserialize class %s", ce->name->val);
+               } else {
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(backref);
+                       ZVAL_NULL(backref);
+                       if (!EG(exception)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                                                               "Failed to unserialize class %s", ce->name->val);
+                       }
                }
                zend_string_release(s);
        } else {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                "Class %s does not implement Serializable", ser->annotations.object_class->val);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_field_name_ex(php_ion_unserializer *ser, ION_STRING *name, SID *sid)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_field_name(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_string **key, bool is_prop)
 {
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_field_name(ser->reader, name));
-       if (!name->length) {
-               ION_SYMBOL *is_ptr;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_field_name_symbol(ser->reader, &is_ptr));
-               if (!ION_SYMBOL_IS_NULL(is_ptr) && is_ptr->value.length) {
-                       ION_STRING_ASSIGN(name, &is_ptr->value);
-               } else {
-                       *sid = is_ptr->sid;
-               }
-       }
-}
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               // FIXME: symbol table?
+               ION_STRING name;
+               SID sid = UNKNOWN_SID;
+               char buf[MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 1 + 1] = {0}, *end = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1, *ptr;
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_field_name(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_string **key, bool is_prop)
-{
-       // FIXME: symbol table
-       ION_STRING name;
-       SID sid = UNKNOWN_SID;
-       char buf[MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 1 + 1] = {0}, *end = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1, *ptr;
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_field_name(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &name));
+               if (!name.length) {
+                       ION_SYMBOL *is_ptr;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_field_name_symbol(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &is_ptr));
+                       if (!ION_SYMBOL_IS_NULL(is_ptr) && is_ptr->value.length) {
+                               ION_STRING_ASSIGN(&name, &is_ptr->value);
+                       } else {
+                               sid = is_ptr->sid;
+                       }
+               }
 
-       php_ion_unserialize_field_name_ex(ser, &name, &sid);
-       ION_CATCH();
+               switch (name.length) {
+               case 0:
+                       ptr = zend_print_long_to_buf(end, sid);
+                       *--ptr = '$';
+                       *key = zend_string_init(ptr, end - ptr, 0);
+                       break;
+               case 1:
+                       *key = ZSTR_CHAR(*name.value);
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       if (is_prop) {
+                               *key = zend_string_init_interned((char *) name.value, name.length, 0);
+                       } else {
+                               *key = zend_string_from_ion(&name);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+       } else {
+               zval z_fn;
+               ZVAL_UNDEF(&z_fn);
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getFieldName", &z_fn);
+               if (!Z_STRLEN(z_fn) || EG(exception)) {
+                       zend_clear_exception();
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getFieldNameSymbol", &z_fn);
+                       ION_CATCH();
 
-       switch (name.length) {
-       case 0:
-               ptr = zend_print_long_to_buf(end, sid);
-               *--ptr = '$';
-               *key = zend_string_init(ptr, end - ptr, 0);
-               break;
-       case 1:
-               *key = zend_one_char_string[*name.value];
-               break;
-       default:
-               if (is_prop) {
-                       *key = zend_string_init_interned((char *) name.value, name.length, 0);
-               } else {
-                       *key = zend_string_from_ion(&name);
                }
-               break;
+               *key = zval_get_string(&z_fn);
+               zval_ptr_dtor(&z_fn);
        }
 }
 
@@ -2110,11 +2337,17 @@ static void php_ion_unserialize_props(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_va
 {
        zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_in(ser->reader));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_in(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader));
+       } else {
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getChildren", NULL);
+               ION_CATCH();
+       }
 
        while (true) {
                ION_TYPE typ;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_next(ser->reader, &typ));
+               php_ion_unserializer_next(ser, &typ);
+               ION_CATCH();
 
                if (typ == tid_EOF) {
                        break;
@@ -2137,7 +2370,9 @@ static void php_ion_unserialize_props(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_va
                zend_string_release(key);
        }
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_out(ser->reader));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_out(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader));
+       }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2147,15 +2382,21 @@ static void php_ion_unserialize_props(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_va
  * (the binary format identifies structs that are sorted by symbolID), so certain operations may lead to
  * nondeterministic behavior.
  */
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_hash(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_hash(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_in(ser->reader));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_in(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader));
+       } else {
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getChildren", NULL);
+               ION_CATCH();
+       }
 
        while (true) {
                ION_TYPE typ;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_next(ser->reader, &typ));
+               php_ion_unserializer_next(ser, &typ);
+               ION_CATCH();
 
                if (typ == tid_EOF) {
                        break;
@@ -2185,10 +2426,12 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_hash(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
                zend_string_release(key);
        }
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_out(ser->reader));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_out(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader));
+       }
 }
 
-LOCAL void verify_unserializer(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function **fn)
+static void verify_unserializer(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_object *zobject, zend_function **fn)
 {
        switch (ser->annotations.object_type) {
        case 'c':
@@ -2197,26 +2440,26 @@ LOCAL void verify_unserializer(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_object *zobject,
 
        case 'C':
                if (!can_call_custom_unserialize(ser, zobject, fn)) {
-                       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                        "Could not find custom serializer method of %s", ser->annotations.object_class->val);
                }
                break;
 
        case 'O':
                if (!can_call_magic_unserialize(ser, zobject->ce)) {
-                       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                        "Could not find method %s::__unserialize()", ser->annotations.object_class->val);
                }
                *fn = zobject->ce->__unserialize;
                break;
 
        default:
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                "Invalid object type %c", ser->annotations.object_type);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_object(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        // backup possible backref to array returned by magic/custom __serialize()
        zval *input = zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->tmp, return_value);
@@ -2249,7 +2492,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_object(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_va
        zval_ptr_dtor(&rv);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_struct(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_struct(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        if (ser->annotations.object_class) {
                switch (ser->annotations.object_type) {
@@ -2267,30 +2510,33 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_struct(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_va
                array_init(return_value);
                php_ion_unserialize_hash(ser, return_value);
                if (is_shared_symtab) {
-                       zval zobj;
-                       object_init_ex(&zobj, ce_Symbol_Table_Shared);
-                       zend_call_known_function(Z_OBJCE(zobj)->constructor, Z_OBJ(zobj), Z_OBJCE(zobj), NULL, 0, NULL, Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value));
+                       zend_object *zo_ss = object_construct(ce_Symbol_Table_Shared, 0, NULL, Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value));
                        zval_ptr_dtor(return_value);
-                       RETURN_COPY_VALUE(&zobj);
+                       RETURN_OBJ(zo_ss);
                }
        } else if (ser->annotations.object_type == 'o') {
                object_init(return_value);
                php_ion_unserialize_hash(ser, return_value);
        } else {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_TOKEN,
                                "Invalid object annotation %c::", ser->annotations.object_type);
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_list(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_list(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_in(ser->reader));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_in(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader));
+       } else {
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getChildren", NULL);
+       }
        array_init(return_value);
        zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
 
        while (true) {
                ION_TYPE typ;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_next(ser->reader, &typ));
+               php_ion_unserializer_next(ser, &typ);
+               ION_CATCH();
 
                if (typ == tid_EOF) {
                        break;
@@ -2303,10 +2549,14 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_list(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
                zend_hash_next_index_insert(Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value), &next);
        }
 
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_out(ser->reader));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_step_out(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader));
+       } else {
+               // userland reader object already stepped out
+       }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_read_lob(ION_READER *reader, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_reader_read_lob(ION_READER *reader, zval *return_value)
 {
        zend_string *zstr = zend_string_alloc(0x1000, 0);
 again: ;
@@ -2324,7 +2574,7 @@ again: ;
        RETURN_STR(zstr);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_read_timestamp(ION_READER *reader, ION_READER_OPTIONS *opt, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_reader_read_timestamp(ION_READER *reader, ION_READER_OPTIONS *opt, zval *return_value)
 {
        ION_TIMESTAMP ts;
        ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_timestamp(reader, &ts));
@@ -2341,7 +2591,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_reader_read_timestamp(ION_READER *reader, ION_READER_OPTIONS
        OBJ_CHECK(ts_obj);
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_reader_read_int(ION_READER *reader, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_reader_read_int(ION_READER *reader, zval *return_value)
 {
        ION_INT *num = NULL;
        ION_CHECK(ion_int_alloc(reader, &num));
@@ -2372,7 +2622,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_reader_read_int(ION_READER *reader, zval *return_value)
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_backref(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_backref(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        zval *backref = zend_hash_index_find(ser->ids, Z_LVAL_P(return_value));
 
@@ -2380,32 +2630,70 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_backref(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_v
                ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(return_value, backref);
                zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->addref, return_value);
        } else {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                "Could not find back reference " ZEND_LONG_FMT, Z_LVAL_P(return_value));
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_annotations(php_ion_unserializer *ser)
+static zend_string *php_ion_unserialize_annotation(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zend_long idx)
+{
+       zval z_ann;
+
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_STRING ann_str;
+               ION_CHECK_RETURN(NULL, ion_reader_get_an_annotation(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, idx, &ann_str));
+
+               if (ann_str.length == 1){
+                       // no need to remember interned string
+                       ZVAL_CHAR(&z_ann, *ann_str.value);
+               } else {
+                       ZVAL_STRINGL(&z_ann, (char *) ann_str.value, ann_str.length);
+                       zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->tmp, &z_ann);
+               }
+       } else {
+               zval z_idx;
+               ZVAL_LONG(&z_idx, idx);
+               zend_call_method_with_1_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getAnnotation", &z_ann, &z_idx);
+               ION_CATCH_RETURN(NULL);
+               zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->tmp, &z_ann);
+       }
+
+       return Z_STR(z_ann);
+}
+
+static void php_ion_unserialize_annotations(php_ion_unserializer *ser)
 {
        memset(&ser->annotations, 0, sizeof(ser->annotations));
 
        int32_t ann_cnt;
-       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_annotation_count(ser->reader, &ann_cnt));
+       if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_annotation_count(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &ann_cnt));
+       } else {
+               zval z_ann_cnt;
+               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "countAnnotations", &z_ann_cnt);
+               ION_CATCH();
+               ann_cnt = Z_LVAL(z_ann_cnt);
+       }
+
        for (int32_t i = 0; i < ann_cnt; ++i) {
-               ION_STRING ann_str;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_an_annotation(ser->reader, i, &ann_str));
+               zend_string *zs_ann = php_ion_unserialize_annotation(ser, i);
 
-               if (ann_str.length != 1) {
-                       if (ION_STRING_EQUALS(&ann_str, &ION_SYMBOL_SHARED_SYMBOL_TABLE_STRING)) {
+               if (zs_ann->len != 1) {
+                       if (zend_string_equals_literal(zs_ann, ION_SYS_SYMBOL_SHARED_SYMBOL_TABLE)) {
                                ser->annotations.shared_symtab = true;
                        }
+
                        continue;
                }
 
-               switch (*ann_str.value) {
+               switch (*zs_ann->val) {
+               default:
+                       // ignore
+                       break;
+
                case 'R':
                        if (ser->annotations.makeref) {
-                               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                                "Invalid multiple reference annotations");
                                return;
                        }
@@ -2414,7 +2702,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_annotations(php_ion_unserializer *ser)
 
                case 'r':
                        if (ser->annotations.backref) {
-                               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                                "Invalid multiple back reference annotations");
                                return;
                        }
@@ -2423,19 +2711,13 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_annotations(php_ion_unserializer *ser)
 
                case 'p':
                        if (ser->annotations.object_prop) {
-                               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                                "Invalid multiple object property annotations");
                                return;
                        }
                        ser->annotations.object_prop = true;
-
-                       ION_STRING prop_class;
-                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_an_annotation(ser->reader, ++i, &prop_class));
-                       ser->annotations.property_class = zend_string_from_ion(&prop_class);
-
-                       zval zptmp;
-                       ZVAL_STR(&zptmp, ser->annotations.property_class);
-                       zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->tmp, &zptmp);
+                       ser->annotations.property_class = php_ion_unserialize_annotation(ser, ++i);
+                       ION_CATCH();
                        break;
 
                case 'E':
@@ -2445,44 +2727,51 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_annotations(php_ion_unserializer *ser)
                case 'o':
                case 'c':
                        if (ser->annotations.object_type) {
-                               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                                "Invalid multiple object type annotations: %c::%c",
-                                               ser->annotations.object_type, *ann_str.value);
+                                               ser->annotations.object_type, *zs_ann->val);
                                return;
                        }
-                       if ('o' != (ser->annotations.object_type = *ann_str.value)) {
-                               ION_STRING class_name;
-                               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_get_an_annotation(ser->reader, ++i, &class_name));
-                               ser->annotations.object_class = zend_string_from_ion(&class_name);
-
-                               zval zctmp;
-                               ZVAL_STR(&zctmp, ser->annotations.object_class);
-                               zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->tmp, &zctmp);
+
+                       ser->annotations.object_type = *zs_ann->val;
+                       if (ser->annotations.object_type != 'o') {
+                               ser->annotations.object_class = php_ion_unserialize_annotation(ser, ++i);
+                               ION_CATCH();
                        }
                        break;
                }
 
                // sanity checks
                if (ser->annotations.object_type && ser->annotations.object_type != 'o' && !ser->annotations.object_class) {
-                       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                        "Invalid object annotation without class name: %c::", ser->annotations.object_type);
                        return;
                }
                if (ser->annotations.object_type == 'o' && ser->annotations.object_class) {
-                       zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                        "Invalid object annotation with class name: o::%s", ser->annotations.object_class->val);
                        return;
                }
        }
 }
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value, ION_TYPE *typ)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value, ION_TYPE *typ)
 {
        if (typ) {
                memcpy(&ser->type, typ, sizeof(ser->type)); // NOLINT
        } else {
                typ = &ser->type;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_next(ser->reader, typ));
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_next(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, typ));
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "next", NULL);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+
+                       zval z_type;
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "getType", &z_type);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+                       *typ = ion_type_from_enum(Z_OBJ_P(return_value));
+               }
        }
 
        php_ion_unserialize_annotations(ser);
@@ -2496,7 +2785,13 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
 
        if (ION_TYPE_INT(*typ) > 0) {
                BOOL is_null;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_is_null(ser->reader, &is_null));
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_is_null(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &is_null));
+               } else  {
+                       zval z_is_null;
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "isNull", &z_is_null);
+                       is_null = i_zend_is_true(&z_is_null);
+               }
                if (is_null) {
                        RETURN_NULL();
                }
@@ -2504,23 +2799,38 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
 
        switch (ION_TYPE_INT(*typ)) {
        case tid_NULL_INT:
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_null(ser->reader, typ));
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_null(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, typ));
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readNull", return_value);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+                       *typ = ion_type_from_enum(Z_OBJ_P(return_value));
+               }
                RETURN_NULL();
 
-       case tid_BOOL_INT: ;
-               BOOL bval;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_bool(ser->reader, &bval));
-               RETURN_BOOL(bval);
+       case tid_BOOL_INT:
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       BOOL bval;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_bool(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &bval));
+                       RETURN_BOOL(bval);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readBool", return_value);
+                       return;
+               }
 
        case tid_INT_INT:
-               php_ion_reader_read_int(ser->reader, return_value);
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       php_ion_reader_read_int(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, return_value);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readInt", return_value);
+               }
                if (ser->annotations.backref) {
                        ION_CATCH();
                        php_ion_unserialize_backref(ser, return_value);
                }
                if (ser->annotations.object_type) {
                        if (!ser->annotations.backref) {
-                               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_RuntimeException, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_SYNTAX,
                                                "Invalid object type annotation: %c::" ZEND_LONG_FMT,
                                                ser->annotations.object_type, Z_LVAL_P(return_value));
                                return;
@@ -2529,38 +2839,64 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
                }
                return;
 
-       case tid_FLOAT_INT: ;
-               double d;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_double(ser->reader, &d));
-               RETURN_DOUBLE(d);
+       case tid_FLOAT_INT:
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       double d;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_double(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &d));
+                       RETURN_DOUBLE(d);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readFloat", return_value);
+                       return;
+               }
 
        case tid_DECIMAL_INT:
-               object_init_ex(return_value, ce_Decimal);
-               php_ion_decimal *dec = php_ion_obj(decimal, Z_OBJ_P(return_value));
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_ion_decimal(ser->reader, &dec->dec));
-               php_ion_decimal_ctor(dec);
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       object_init_ex(return_value, ce_Decimal);
+                       php_ion_decimal *dec = php_ion_obj(decimal, Z_OBJ_P(return_value));
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_ion_decimal(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &dec->dec));
+                       php_ion_decimal_ctor(dec);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readDecimal", return_value);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+               }
                zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
                return;
 
        case tid_TIMESTAMP_INT:
-               php_ion_reader_read_timestamp(ser->reader, ser->options, return_value);
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       php_ion_reader *reader = php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr);
+                       php_ion_reader_read_timestamp(reader->reader, &php_ion_obj(reader_options, reader->opt)->opt, return_value);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readTimestamp", return_value);
+               }
+               ION_CATCH();
                zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
                return;
 
-       case tid_SYMBOL_INT: ;
-               ION_SYMBOL sym;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_ion_symbol(ser->reader, &sym));
-               php_ion_symbol_zval(&sym, return_value);
+       case tid_SYMBOL_INT:
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_SYMBOL sym;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_ion_symbol(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &sym));
+                       php_ion_symbol_zval(&sym, return_value);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readSymbol", return_value);
+               }
+               ION_CATCH();
                if (ser->annotations.object_type) {
                        goto unserialize_struct;
                }
                zend_hash_next_index_insert(ser->ids, return_value);
                return;
 
-       case tid_STRING_INT: ;
-               ION_STRING str;
-               ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_string(ser->reader, &str));
-               RETVAL_STRINGL((char *) str.value, str.length);
+       case tid_STRING_INT:
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       ION_STRING str;
+                       ION_CHECK(ion_reader_read_string(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, &str));
+                       RETVAL_STRINGL((char *) str.value, str.length);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, "readString", return_value);
+                       ION_CATCH();
+               }
                if (ser->annotations.object_type) {
                        goto unserialize_struct;
                }
@@ -2569,7 +2905,12 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
 
        case tid_CLOB_INT:
        case tid_BLOB_INT:
-               php_ion_reader_read_lob(ser->reader, return_value);
+               if (can_unserialize_fast(ser)) {
+                       php_ion_reader_read_lob(php_ion_obj(reader, ser->rdr)->reader, return_value);
+               } else {
+                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&ser->std, NULL, NULL, *typ == tid_BLOB ? "readBLob" : "readCLob", return_value);
+               }
+               ION_CATCH();
                if (ser->annotations.object_type) {
                        goto unserialize_struct;
                }
@@ -2579,6 +2920,7 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_zval(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_valu
        case tid_LIST_INT:
        case tid_SEXP_INT: // FIXME
                php_ion_unserialize_list(ser, return_value);
+               ION_CATCH();
                if (!ser->annotations.object_type) {
                        return;
                }
@@ -2590,7 +2932,7 @@ unserialize_struct: ;
                return;
 
        case tid_none_INT:
-               ZEND_ASSERT(0);
+               ZEND_ASSERT(!"none");
                break;
 
        case tid_DATAGRAM_INT:
@@ -2600,11 +2942,11 @@ unserialize_struct: ;
        }
 }
 
-#define php_ion_unserializer_php_copy(o,n)
-php_ion_decl(unserializer_php, Unserializer_PHP);
-#define clone_ion_Unserializer_PHP NULL
+#define php_ion_unserializer_copy(o,n)
+php_ion_decl(unserializer, Unserializer_Unserializer);
+#define clone_ion_Unserializer NULL
 
-LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_ex(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
+static void php_ion_unserialize_ex(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
 {
        if (ser->multi_seq) {
                array_init(return_value);
@@ -2626,22 +2968,10 @@ LOCAL void php_ion_unserialize_ex(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *return_value)
        } while (ser->type != tid_EOF);
 }
 
-void php_ion_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *zdata, zval *return_value)
+static php_ion_reader *create_unserialize_reader(zval *zdata)
 {
-       zend_object *zo_opt = NULL, *zo_ser = NULL;
-
-       if (!ser) {
-               zo_ser = create_ion_Unserializer_PHP(NULL);
-               php_ion_unserializer_php *o_ser = php_ion_obj(unserializer_php, zo_ser);
-               PTR_CHECK(o_ser);
-               o_ser->unserializer.call_magic = true;
-               php_ion_unserializer_php_ctor(o_ser);
-               ION_CATCH();
-               ser = &o_ser->unserializer;
-       }
-
        zend_object *zo_reader;
-       php_ion_reader *reader;
+       php_ion_reader *reader = NULL;
        ZVAL_DEREF(zdata);
 
        if (Z_TYPE_P(zdata) == IS_RESOURCE) {
@@ -2654,29 +2984,44 @@ void php_ion_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *zdata, zval *return_va
                reader = php_ion_obj(reader, zo_reader);
                reader->type = BUFFER_READER;
                reader->buffer = zval_get_string(zdata);
+       } else if (Z_TYPE_P(zdata) == IS_OBJECT && instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(zdata), ce_Reader)) {
+               Z_ADDREF_P(zdata);
+               reader = php_ion_obj(reader, Z_OBJ_P(zdata));
        } else {
-               zend_throw_exception_ex(spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
-                               "Invalid source to unserialize: expected string or resource, got %s",
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(ce_Exception, IERR_INVALID_ARG,
+                                                               "Invalid source to unserialize: expected string or resource, got %s",
                                                                zend_zval_type_name(zdata));
-               if (zo_ser) {
-                       OBJ_RELEASE(zo_ser);
-               }
-               return;
        }
 
-       if (ser->options) {
-               zo_opt = reader->opt = php_ion_reader_options_new();
-               php_ion_obj(reader_options, reader->opt)->opt = *ser->options;
-       }
+       return reader;
+}
+
+void php_ion_unserialize(php_ion_unserializer *ser, zval *zdata, zval *return_value)
+{
+       zend_object *zo_opt = NULL, *zo_ser = NULL;
 
-       php_ion_reader_ctor(reader);
-       ser->reader = reader->reader;
+       if (!ser) {
+               zo_ser = create_ion_Unserializer_Unserializer(NULL);
+               ser = php_ion_obj(unserializer, zo_ser);
+               PTR_CHECK(ser);
+               ser->call_magic = true;
+               php_ion_unserializer_ctor(ser);
+               ION_CATCH();
+       }
 
-       if (!EG(exception)) {
-               php_ion_unserialize_ex(ser, return_value);
+       php_ion_reader *reader = create_unserialize_reader(zdata);
+       if (reader) {
+               if (ser->rdr && instanceof_function(ser->rdr->ce, ce_Reader_Options)) {
+                       zo_opt = reader->opt = ser->rdr;
+               }
+               php_ion_reader_ctor(reader);
+               ser->rdr = &reader->std;
+               if (!EG(exception)) {
+                       php_ion_unserialize_ex(ser, return_value);
+               }
+               OBJ_RELEASE(&reader->std);
        }
 
-       OBJ_RELEASE(zo_reader);
        if (zo_opt)  {
                OBJ_RELEASE(zo_opt);
        }