half way through the exception refactoring
[m6w6/ext-pq] / src / php_pq.c
index dcd7e75d782bd50d2b52b14e79065a1f6904fa34..01886ce983d67ad0a6c7a5b4204555b4d189568e 100644 (file)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     | modification, are permitted provided that the conditions mentioned |
     | in the accompanying LICENSE file are met.                          |
     +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
-    | Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Wallner <mike@php.net>                |
+    | Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Wallner <mike@php.net>                 |
     +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 */
 
 #      include "config.h"
 #endif
 
+#define SMART_STR_PREALLOC 256
+
 #include <php.h>
 #include <Zend/zend_interfaces.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_exceptions.h>
 #include <ext/standard/info.h>
+#include <ext/standard/php_smart_str.h>
 #include <ext/spl/spl_array.h>
+#include <ext/spl/spl_exceptions.h>
+#include <ext/raphf/php_raphf.h>
 
 #include <libpq-events.h>
 #include <libpq/libpq-fs.h>
 
 typedef int STATUS; /* SUCCESS/FAILURE */
 
-static char *PHP_PQerrorMessage(PGconn *c) {
-       char *e = PQerrorMessage(c);
+static char *rtrim(char *e) {
        size_t l = strlen(e);
 
        while (l-- > 0 && e[l] == '\n') {
                e[l] = '\0';
        }
-
        return e;
 }
 
+#define PHP_PQerrorMessage(c) rtrim(PQerrorMessage((c)))
+#define PHP_PQresultErrorMessage(r) rtrim(PQresultErrorMessage((r)))
+
+static int php_pqconn_event(PGEventId id, void *e, void *data);
+
+#define PHP_PQclear(_r) \
+       do { \
+               zval *_resinszv = PQresultInstanceData((_r), php_pqconn_event); \
+               if (!_resinszv) PQclear((_r)); \
+       } while (0)
+
 /*
 ZEND_DECLARE_MODULE_GLOBALS(pq)
 */
 
-
 /* {{{ PHP_INI
  */
 /* Remove comments and fill if you need to have entries in php.ini
@@ -72,6 +86,37 @@ static zend_class_entry *php_pqtxn_class_entry;
 static zend_class_entry *php_pqcancel_class_entry;
 static zend_class_entry *php_pqevent_class_entry;
 static zend_class_entry *php_pqlob_class_entry;
+static zend_class_entry *php_pqcopy_class_entry;
+
+typedef enum php_pqexc_type {
+       EX_DEFAULT,
+       EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+       EX_RUNTIME,
+       EX_CONNECTION_FAILED,
+       EX_BAD_METHODCALL,
+} php_pqexc_type_t;
+
+static zend_class_entry *php_pqexc_interface_class_entry;
+static zend_class_entry *php_pqexc_default_class_entry;
+static zend_class_entry *php_pqexc_invalid_argument_class_entry;
+static zend_class_entry *php_pqexc_runtime_class_entry;
+static zend_class_entry *php_pqexc_bad_methodcall_class_entry;
+
+static zend_class_entry *exce(php_pqexc_type_t type)
+{
+       switch (type) {
+       case EX_DEFAULT:
+       default:
+               return php_pqexc_default_class_entry;
+       case EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+               return php_pqexc_invalid_argument_class_entry;
+       case EX_RUNTIME:
+       case EX_CONNECTION_FAILED:
+               return php_pqexc_runtime_class_entry;
+       case EX_BAD_METHODCALL:
+               return php_pqexc_bad_methodcall_class_entry;
+       }
+}
 
 static zend_object_handlers php_pqconn_object_handlers;
 static zend_object_handlers php_pqtypes_object_handlers;
@@ -81,6 +126,7 @@ static zend_object_handlers php_pqtxn_object_handlers;
 static zend_object_handlers php_pqcancel_object_handlers;
 static zend_object_handlers php_pqevent_object_handlers;
 static zend_object_handlers php_pqlob_object_handlers;
+static zend_object_handlers php_pqcopy_object_handlers;
 
 typedef struct php_pq_callback {
        zend_fcall_info fci;
@@ -95,9 +141,13 @@ typedef struct php_pq_object {
        void *intern;
 } php_pq_object_t;
 
+#define PHP_PQCONN_ASYNC 0x01
+#define PHP_PQCONN_PERSISTENT 0x02
+
 typedef struct php_pqconn {
        PGconn *conn;
        int (*poller)(PGconn *);
+       php_resource_factory_t factory;
        HashTable listeners;
        HashTable eventhandlers;
        php_pq_callback_t onevent;
@@ -146,6 +196,7 @@ typedef struct php_pqres_iterator {
 typedef struct php_pqres {
        PGresult *res;
        php_pqres_iterator_t *iter;
+       HashTable bound;
 } php_pqres_t;
 
 typedef struct php_pqres_object {
@@ -158,6 +209,7 @@ typedef struct php_pqres_object {
 typedef struct php_pqstm {
        php_pqconn_object_t *conn;
        char *name;
+       HashTable bound;
 } php_pqstm_t;
 
 typedef struct php_pqstm_object {
@@ -176,6 +228,8 @@ typedef enum php_pqtxn_isolation {
 typedef struct php_pqtxn {
        php_pqconn_object_t *conn;
        php_pqtxn_isolation_t isolation;
+       unsigned savepoint;
+       unsigned open:1;
        unsigned readonly:1;
        unsigned deferrable:1;
 } php_pqtxn_t;
@@ -225,6 +279,31 @@ typedef struct php_pqlob_object {
        php_pqlob_t *intern;
 } php_pqlob_object_t;
 
+typedef enum php_pqcopy_direction {
+       PHP_PQCOPY_FROM_STDIN,
+       PHP_PQCOPY_TO_STDOUT
+} php_pqcopy_direction_t;
+
+typedef enum php_pqcopy_status {
+       PHP_PQCOPY_FAIL,
+       PHP_PQCOPY_CONT,
+       PHP_PQCOPY_DONE
+} php_pqcopy_status_t;
+
+typedef struct php_pqcopy {
+       php_pqcopy_direction_t direction;
+       char *expression;
+       char *options;
+       php_pqconn_object_t *conn;
+} php_pqcopy_t;
+
+typedef struct php_pqcopy_object {
+       zend_object zo;
+       zend_object_value zv;
+       HashTable *prophandler;
+       php_pqcopy_t *intern;
+} php_pqcopy_object_t;
+
 static HashTable php_pqconn_object_prophandlers;
 static HashTable php_pqtypes_object_prophandlers;
 static HashTable php_pqres_object_prophandlers;
@@ -233,6 +312,7 @@ static HashTable php_pqtxn_object_prophandlers;
 static HashTable php_pqcancel_object_prophandlers;
 static HashTable php_pqevent_object_prophandlers;
 static HashTable php_pqlob_object_prophandlers;
+static HashTable php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers;
 
 typedef void (*php_pq_object_prophandler_func_t)(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC);
 
@@ -298,16 +378,24 @@ static STATUS php_pqres_iterator_valid(zend_object_iterator *i TSRMLS_DC)
        return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static zval *php_pqres_row_to_zval(PGresult *res, unsigned row, php_pqres_fetch_t fetch_type TSRMLS_DC)
+static zval *php_pqres_row_to_zval(PGresult *res, unsigned row, php_pqres_fetch_t fetch_type, zval **data_ptr TSRMLS_DC)
 {
-       zval *data;
+       zval *data = NULL;
        int c, cols;
 
-       MAKE_STD_ZVAL(data);
-       if (PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT == fetch_type) {
-               object_init(data);
-       } else {
-               array_init(data);
+       if (data_ptr) {
+               data = *data_ptr;
+       }
+       if (!data) {
+               MAKE_STD_ZVAL(data);
+               if (PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT == fetch_type) {
+                       object_init(data);
+               } else {
+                       array_init(data);
+               }
+               if (data_ptr) {
+                       *data_ptr = data;
+               }
        }
 
        for (c = 0, cols = PQnfields(res); c < cols; ++c) {
@@ -356,7 +444,7 @@ static void php_pqres_iterator_current(zend_object_iterator *i, zval ***data_ptr
        if (iter->current_val) {
                zval_ptr_dtor(&iter->current_val);
        }
-       iter->current_val = php_pqres_row_to_zval(obj->intern->res, iter->index, iter->fetch_type TSRMLS_CC);
+       iter->current_val = php_pqres_row_to_zval(obj->intern->res, iter->index, iter->fetch_type, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
        *data_ptr = &iter->current_val;
 }
 
@@ -399,13 +487,25 @@ static zend_object_iterator_funcs php_pqres_iterator_funcs = {
        NULL
 };
 
+static int php_pqres_count_elements(zval *object, long *count TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqres_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(object TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (!obj->intern) {
+               return FAILURE;
+       } else {
+               *count = (long) PQntuples(obj->intern->res);
+               return SUCCESS;
+       }
+}
+
 static STATUS php_pqres_success(PGresult *res TSRMLS_DC)
 {
        switch (PQresultStatus(res)) {
        case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE:
        case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
        case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
-               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "%s", PQresultErrorMessage(res));
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "%s", PHP_PQresultErrorMessage(res));
                return FAILURE;
        default:
                return SUCCESS;
@@ -462,7 +562,8 @@ static void php_pqconn_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
        php_pqconn_object_t *obj = o;
 
        if (obj->intern) {
-               PQfinish(obj->intern->conn);
+               php_resource_factory_handle_dtor(&obj->intern->factory, obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+               php_resource_factory_dtor(&obj->intern->factory);
                php_pq_callback_dtor(&obj->intern->onevent);
                zend_hash_destroy(&obj->intern->listeners);
                zend_hash_destroy(&obj->intern->eventhandlers);
@@ -487,8 +588,6 @@ static void php_pqtypes_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
        efree(obj);
 }
 
-static int php_pqconn_event(PGEventId id, void *e, void *data);
-
 static void php_pqres_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
 {
        php_pqres_object_t *obj = o;
@@ -497,7 +596,9 @@ static void php_pqres_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
                if (obj->intern->res) {
                        zval *res = PQresultInstanceData(obj->intern->res, php_pqconn_event);
                        if (res) {
-                               PQresultSetInstanceData(obj->intern->res, php_pqconn_event, NULL);
+                               if (1 == Z_REFCOUNT_P(res)) {
+                                       PQresultSetInstanceData(obj->intern->res, php_pqconn_event, NULL);
+                               }
                                zval_ptr_dtor(&res);
                        } else {
                                PQclear(obj->intern->res);
@@ -510,6 +611,8 @@ static void php_pqres_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
                        obj->intern->iter = NULL;
                }
 
+               zend_hash_destroy(&obj->intern->bound);
+
                efree(obj->intern);
                obj->intern = NULL;
        }
@@ -522,8 +625,28 @@ static void php_pqstm_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
        php_pqstm_object_t *obj = o;
 
        if (obj->intern) {
+               char *quoted_name = PQescapeIdentifier(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name, strlen(obj->intern->name));
+
+               php_pq_callback_dtor(&obj->intern->conn->intern->onevent);
+
+               if (quoted_name) {
+                       PGresult *res;
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                       smart_str_appends(&cmd, "DEALLOCATE ");
+                       smart_str_appends(&cmd, quoted_name);
+                       smart_str_0(&cmd);
+                       PQfreemem(quoted_name);
+
+                       if ((res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c))) {
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       }
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+               }
+
                php_pq_object_delref(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                efree(obj->intern->name);
+               zend_hash_destroy(&obj->intern->bound);
                efree(obj->intern);
                obj->intern = NULL;
        }
@@ -536,6 +659,13 @@ static void php_pqtxn_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
        php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = o;
 
        if (obj->intern) {
+               if (obj->intern->open) {
+                       PGresult *res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "ROLLBACK");
+
+                       if (res) {
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       }
+               }
                php_pq_object_delref(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                efree(obj->intern);
                obj->intern = NULL;
@@ -589,6 +719,21 @@ static void php_pqlob_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
        efree(obj);
 }
 
+static void php_pqcopy_object_free(void *o TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = o;
+
+       if (obj->intern) {
+               efree(obj->intern->expression);
+               efree(obj->intern->options);
+               php_pq_object_delref(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+               efree(obj->intern);
+               obj->intern = NULL;
+       }
+       zend_object_std_dtor((zend_object *) o TSRMLS_CC);
+       efree(obj);
+}
+
 static zend_object_value php_pqconn_create_object_ex(zend_class_entry *ce, php_pqconn_t *intern, php_pqconn_object_t **ptr TSRMLS_DC)
 {
        php_pqconn_object_t *o;
@@ -773,6 +918,29 @@ static zend_object_value php_pqlob_create_object_ex(zend_class_entry *ce, php_pq
        return o->zv;
 }
 
+static zend_object_value php_pqcopy_create_object_ex(zend_class_entry *ce, php_pqcopy_t *intern, php_pqcopy_object_t **ptr TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqcopy_object_t *o;
+
+       o = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*o));
+       zend_object_std_init((zend_object *) o, ce TSRMLS_CC);
+       object_properties_init((zend_object *) o, ce);
+       o->prophandler = &php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers;
+
+       if (ptr) {
+               *ptr = o;
+       }
+
+       if (intern) {
+               o->intern = intern;
+       }
+
+       o->zv.handle = zend_objects_store_put((zend_object *) o, NULL, php_pqcopy_object_free, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
+       o->zv.handlers = &php_pqcopy_object_handlers;
+
+       return o->zv;
+}
+
 static zend_object_value php_pqconn_create_object(zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC)
 {
        return php_pqconn_create_object_ex(class_type, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
@@ -813,6 +981,11 @@ static zend_object_value php_pqlob_create_object(zend_class_entry *class_type TS
        return php_pqlob_create_object_ex(class_type, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
+static zend_object_value php_pqcopy_create_object(zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       return php_pqcopy_create_object_ex(class_type, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
 static int apply_ph_to_debug(void *p TSRMLS_DC, int argc, va_list argv, zend_hash_key *key)
 {
        php_pq_object_prophandler_t *ph = p;
@@ -842,7 +1015,7 @@ static int apply_pi_to_debug(void *p TSRMLS_DC, int argc, va_list argv, zend_has
        php_pq_object_t *obj = va_arg(argv, php_pq_object_t *);
        zval *property = zend_read_property(obj->zo.ce, object, pi->name, pi->name_length, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
 
-       if (!Z_REFCOUNT_P(property)) {
+       if (1||!Z_REFCOUNT_P(property)) {
                Z_ADDREF_P(property);
        }
        zend_hash_add(ht, pi->name, pi->name_length + 1, (void *) &property, sizeof(zval *), NULL);
@@ -1160,10 +1333,17 @@ static void php_pqres_object_read_status(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_val
        RETVAL_LONG(PQresultStatus(obj->intern->res));
 }
 
+static void php_pqres_object_read_status_message(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqres_object_t *obj = o;
+
+       RETVAL_STRING(PQresStatus(PQresultStatus(obj->intern->res))+sizeof("PGRES"), 1);
+}
+
 static void php_pqres_object_read_error_message(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC)
 {
        php_pqres_object_t *obj = o;
-       char *error = PQresultErrorMessage(obj->intern->res);
+       char *error = PHP_PQresultErrorMessage(obj->intern->res);
 
        if (error) {
                RETVAL_STRING(error, 1);
@@ -1299,7 +1479,7 @@ static void php_pqtxn_object_write_isolation(zval *object, void *o, zval *value
 
        if (res) {
                php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-               PQclear(res);
+               PHP_PQclear(res);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1316,7 +1496,7 @@ static void php_pqtxn_object_write_readonly(zval *object, void *o, zval *value T
 
        if (res) {
                php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-               PQclear(res);
+               PHP_PQclear(res);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1333,7 +1513,7 @@ static void php_pqtxn_object_write_deferrable(zval *object, void *o, zval *value
 
        if (res) {
                php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-               PQclear(res);
+               PHP_PQclear(res);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1372,6 +1552,34 @@ static void php_pqlob_object_read_oid(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value
        RETVAL_LONG(obj->intern->loid);
 }
 
+static void php_pqcopy_object_read_connection(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = o;
+
+       php_pq_object_to_zval(obj->intern->conn, &return_value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static void php_pqcopy_object_read_direction(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = o;
+
+       RETVAL_LONG(obj->intern->direction);
+}
+
+static void php_pqcopy_object_read_expression(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = o;
+
+       RETURN_STRING(obj->intern->expression, 1);
+}
+
+static void php_pqcopy_object_read_options(zval *object, void *o, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = o;
+
+       RETURN_STRING(obj->intern->options, 1);
+}
+
 static zend_class_entry *ancestor(zend_class_entry *ce) {
        while (ce->parent) {
                ce = ce->parent;
@@ -1437,6 +1645,7 @@ static STATUS php_pqconn_update_socket(zval *this_ptr, php_pqconn_object_t *obj
        if ((CONNECTION_BAD != PQstatus(obj->intern->conn))
        &&      (-1 < (socket = PQsocket(obj->intern->conn)))
        &&      (stream = php_stream_fopen_from_fd(socket, "r+b", NULL))) {
+               stream->flags |= PHP_STREAM_FLAG_NO_CLOSE;
                php_stream_to_zval(stream, zsocket);
                retval = SUCCESS;
        } else {
@@ -1457,17 +1666,6 @@ static STATUS php_pqconn_update_socket(zval *this_ptr, php_pqconn_object_t *obj
 #      define TSRMLS_CF(d)
 #endif
 
-static void php_pqconn_event_register(PGEventRegister *event, php_pqconn_event_data_t *data)
-{
-       PQsetInstanceData(event->conn, php_pqconn_event, data);
-}
-
-static void php_pqconn_event_conndestroy(PGEventConnDestroy *event, php_pqconn_event_data_t *data)
-{
-       PQsetInstanceData(event->conn, php_pqconn_event, NULL);
-       efree(data);
-}
-
 static int apply_event(void *p, void *a TSRMLS_DC)
 {
        zval **evh = p;
@@ -1482,20 +1680,24 @@ static int apply_event(void *p, void *a TSRMLS_DC)
        return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_KEEP;
 }
 
-static void php_pqconn_event_connreset(PGEventConnReset *event, php_pqconn_event_data_t *data)
+static void php_pqconn_event_connreset(PGEventConnReset *event)
 {
-       zval **evhs;
-       TSRMLS_DF(data);
+       php_pqconn_event_data_t *data = PQinstanceData(event->conn, php_pqconn_event);
+
+       if (data) {
+               zval **evhs;
+               TSRMLS_DF(data);
 
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_hash_find(&data->obj->intern->eventhandlers, ZEND_STRS("reset"), (void *) &evhs)) {
-               zval *args, *connection = NULL;
+               if (SUCCESS == zend_hash_find(&data->obj->intern->eventhandlers, ZEND_STRS("reset"), (void *) &evhs)) {
+                       zval *args, *connection = NULL;
 
-               MAKE_STD_ZVAL(args);
-               array_init(args);
-               php_pq_object_to_zval(data->obj, &connection TSRMLS_CC);
-               add_next_index_zval(args, connection);
-               zend_hash_apply_with_argument(Z_ARRVAL_PP(evhs), apply_event, args TSRMLS_CC);
-               zval_ptr_dtor(&args);
+                       MAKE_STD_ZVAL(args);
+                       array_init(args);
+                       php_pq_object_to_zval(data->obj, &connection TSRMLS_CC);
+                       add_next_index_zval(args, connection);
+                       zend_hash_apply_with_argument(Z_ARRVAL_PP(evhs), apply_event, args TSRMLS_CC);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&args);
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -1508,6 +1710,7 @@ static zval *result_instance_zval(PGresult *res TSRMLS_DC)
 
                MAKE_STD_ZVAL(rid);
                r->res = res;
+               ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&r->bound);
                rid->type = IS_OBJECT;
                rid->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
 
@@ -1518,48 +1721,46 @@ static zval *result_instance_zval(PGresult *res TSRMLS_DC)
        return rid;
 }
 
-static void php_pqconn_event_resultcreate(PGEventResultCreate *event, php_pqconn_event_data_t *data)
+static void php_pqconn_event_resultcreate(PGEventResultCreate *event)
 {
-       zval **evhs;
-       TSRMLS_DF(data);
-
-       /* event listener */
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_hash_find(&data->obj->intern->eventhandlers, ZEND_STRS("result"), (void *) &evhs)) {
-               zval *args, *connection = NULL, *res = result_instance_zval(event->result TSRMLS_CC);
-
-               MAKE_STD_ZVAL(args);
-               array_init(args);
-               php_pq_object_to_zval(data->obj, &connection TSRMLS_CC);
-               add_next_index_zval(args, connection);
-               add_next_index_zval(args, res);
-               zend_hash_apply_with_argument(Z_ARRVAL_PP(evhs), apply_event, args TSRMLS_CC);
-               zval_ptr_dtor(&args);
-       }
+       php_pqconn_event_data_t *data = PQinstanceData(event->conn, php_pqconn_event);
+
+       if (data) {
+               zval **evhs;
+               TSRMLS_DF(data);
+
+               /* event listener */
+               if (SUCCESS == zend_hash_find(&data->obj->intern->eventhandlers, ZEND_STRS("result"), (void *) &evhs)) {
+                       zval *args, *connection = NULL, *res = result_instance_zval(event->result TSRMLS_CC);
+
+                       MAKE_STD_ZVAL(args);
+                       array_init(args);
+                       php_pq_object_to_zval(data->obj, &connection TSRMLS_CC);
+                       add_next_index_zval(args, connection);
+                       add_next_index_zval(args, res);
+                       zend_hash_apply_with_argument(Z_ARRVAL_PP(evhs), apply_event, args TSRMLS_CC);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&args);
+               }
 
-       /* async callback */
-       if (data->obj->intern->onevent.fci.size > 0) {
-               zval *res = result_instance_zval(event->result TSRMLS_CC);
+               /* async callback */
+               if (data->obj->intern->onevent.fci.size > 0) {
+                       zval *res = result_instance_zval(event->result TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               zend_fcall_info_argn(&data->obj->intern->onevent.fci TSRMLS_CC, 1, &res);
-               zend_fcall_info_call(&data->obj->intern->onevent.fci, &data->obj->intern->onevent.fcc, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-               zval_ptr_dtor(&res);
+                       zend_fcall_info_argn(&data->obj->intern->onevent.fci TSRMLS_CC, 1, &res);
+                       zend_fcall_info_call(&data->obj->intern->onevent.fci, &data->obj->intern->onevent.fcc, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&res);
+               }
        }
 }
 
 static int php_pqconn_event(PGEventId id, void *e, void *data)
 {
        switch (id) {
-       case PGEVT_REGISTER:
-               php_pqconn_event_register(e, data);
-               break;
-       case PGEVT_CONNDESTROY:
-               php_pqconn_event_conndestroy(e, data);
-               break;
        case PGEVT_CONNRESET:
-               php_pqconn_event_connreset(e, data);
+               php_pqconn_event_connreset(e);
                break;
        case PGEVT_RESULTCREATE:
-               php_pqconn_event_resultcreate(e, data);
+               php_pqconn_event_resultcreate(e);
                break;
        default:
                break;
@@ -1581,19 +1782,141 @@ static php_pqconn_event_data_t *php_pqconn_event_data_init(php_pqconn_object_t *
 static void php_pqconn_notice_recv(void *p, const PGresult *res)
 {
        php_pqconn_event_data_t *data = p;
-       zval **evhs;
-       TSRMLS_DF(data);
 
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_hash_find(&data->obj->intern->eventhandlers, ZEND_STRS("notice"), (void *) &evhs)) {
-               zval *args, *connection = NULL;
+       if (data) {
+               zval **evhs;
+               TSRMLS_DF(data);
+
+               if (SUCCESS == zend_hash_find(&data->obj->intern->eventhandlers, ZEND_STRS("notice"), (void *) &evhs)) {
+                       zval *args, *connection = NULL;
+
+                       MAKE_STD_ZVAL(args);
+                       array_init(args);
+                       php_pq_object_to_zval(data->obj, &connection TSRMLS_CC);
+                       add_next_index_zval(args, connection);
+                       add_next_index_string(args, PHP_PQresultErrorMessage(res), 1);
+                       zend_hash_apply_with_argument(Z_ARRVAL_PP(evhs), apply_event, args TSRMLS_CC);
+                       zval_ptr_dtor(&args);
+       }
+       }
+}
+
+typedef struct php_pqconn_resource_factory_data {
+       char *dsn;
+       long flags;
+} php_pqconn_resource_factory_data_t;
+
+static void *php_pqconn_resource_factory_ctor(void *data, void *init_arg TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqconn_resource_factory_data_t *o = init_arg;
+       PGconn *conn = NULL;;
+
+       if (o->flags & PHP_PQCONN_ASYNC) {
+               conn = PQconnectStart(o->dsn);
+       } else {
+               conn = PQconnectdb(o->dsn);
+       }
+
+       if (conn) {
+               PQregisterEventProc(conn, php_pqconn_event, "ext-pq", NULL);
+       }
+
+       return conn;
+}
+
+static void php_pqconn_resource_factory_dtor(void *opaque, void *handle TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqconn_event_data_t *evdata = PQinstanceData(handle, php_pqconn_event);
+
+       /* we don't care for anything, except free'ing evdata */
+       if (evdata) {
+               PQsetInstanceData(handle, php_pqconn_event, NULL);
+               memset(evdata, 0, sizeof(*evdata));
+               efree(evdata);
+       }
+
+       PQfinish(handle);
+}
+
+static php_resource_factory_ops_t php_pqconn_resource_factory_ops = {
+       php_pqconn_resource_factory_ctor,
+       NULL,
+       php_pqconn_resource_factory_dtor
+};
+
+static void php_pqconn_wakeup(php_persistent_handle_factory_t *f, void **handle TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       // FIXME: ping server
+}
+
+static int apply_unlisten(void *p TSRMLS_DC, int argc, va_list argv, zend_hash_key *key)
+{
+       php_pqconn_object_t *obj = va_arg(argv, php_pqconn_object_t *);
+       char *quoted_channel = PQescapeIdentifier(obj->intern->conn, key->arKey, key->nKeyLength - 1);
+
+       if (quoted_channel) {
+               PGresult *res;
+               char *cmd;
+
+               spprintf(&cmd, 0, "UNLISTEN %s", quoted_channel);
+               if ((res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn, cmd))) {
+                       PHP_PQclear(res);
+               }
+
+               efree(cmd);
+               PQfreemem(quoted_channel);
+       }
+
+       return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_REMOVE;
+}
+
+static void php_pqconn_notice_ignore(void *p, const PGresult *res)
+{
+}
+
+static void php_pqconn_retire(php_persistent_handle_factory_t *f, void **handle TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqconn_event_data_t *evdata = PQinstanceData(*handle, php_pqconn_event);
+       PGcancel *cancel;
+       PGresult *res;
+
+       /* go away */
+       PQsetInstanceData(*handle, php_pqconn_event, NULL);
+
+       /* ignore notices */
+       PQsetNoticeReceiver(*handle, php_pqconn_notice_ignore, NULL);
+
+       /* cancel async queries */
+       if (PQisBusy(*handle) && (cancel = PQgetCancel(*handle))) {
+               PQcancel(cancel, ZEND_STRL("retiring persistent connection"));
+               PQfreeCancel(cancel);
+       }
+       /* clean up async results */
+       while ((res = PQgetResult(*handle))) {
+               PHP_PQclear(res);
+       }
+
+       /* clean up transaction & session */
+       switch (PQtransactionStatus(*handle)) {
+       case PQTRANS_IDLE:
+               res = PQexec(*handle, "RESET ALL");
+               break;
+       default:
+               res = PQexec(*handle, "ROLLBACK; RESET ALL");
+               break;
+       }
+
+       if (res) {
+               PHP_PQclear(res);
+       }
 
-               MAKE_STD_ZVAL(args);
-               array_init(args);
-               php_pq_object_to_zval(data->obj, &connection TSRMLS_CC);
-               add_next_index_zval(args, connection);
-               add_next_index_string(args, PQresultErrorMessage(res), 1);
-               zend_hash_apply_with_argument(Z_ARRVAL_PP(evhs), apply_event, args TSRMLS_CC);
-               zval_ptr_dtor(&args);
+       if (evdata) {
+               /* clean up notify listeners */
+               zend_hash_apply_with_arguments(&evdata->obj->intern->listeners TSRMLS_CC, apply_unlisten, 1, evdata->obj);
+
+               /* release instance data */
+               memset(evdata, 0, sizeof(*evdata));
+               efree(evdata);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1605,34 +1928,48 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, __construct) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        char *dsn_str = "";
        int dsn_len = 0;
-       zend_bool async = 0;
+       long flags = 0;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|sb", &dsn_str, &dsn_len, &async)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|sl", &dsn_str, &dsn_len, &flags);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
-               php_pqconn_event_data_t *data =  php_pqconn_event_data_init(obj TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               obj->intern = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*obj->intern));
+               if (obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_BAD_METHODCALL), EX_BAD_METHODCALL TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection already initialized");
+               } else {
+                       php_pqconn_event_data_t *evdata =  php_pqconn_event_data_init(obj TSRMLS_CC);
+                       php_pqconn_resource_factory_data_t rfdata = {dsn_str, flags};
 
-               zend_hash_init(&obj->intern->listeners, 0, NULL, (dtor_func_t) zend_hash_destroy, 0);
-               zend_hash_init(&obj->intern->eventhandlers, 0, NULL, ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);
+                       obj->intern = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*obj->intern));
 
+                       zend_hash_init(&obj->intern->listeners, 0, NULL, (dtor_func_t) zend_hash_destroy, 0);
+                       zend_hash_init(&obj->intern->eventhandlers, 0, NULL, ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);
 
-               if (async) {
-                       obj->intern->conn = PQconnectStart(dsn_str);
-                       obj->intern->poller = (int (*)(PGconn*)) PQconnectPoll;
-               } else {
-                       obj->intern->conn = PQconnectdb(dsn_str);
-               }
+                       if (flags & PHP_PQCONN_PERSISTENT) {
+                               php_persistent_handle_factory_t *phf = php_persistent_handle_concede(NULL, ZEND_STRL("pq\\Connection"), dsn_str, dsn_len, php_pqconn_wakeup, php_pqconn_retire TSRMLS_CC);
+                               php_resource_factory_init(&obj->intern->factory, php_persistent_handle_get_resource_factory_ops(), phf, (void (*)(void*)) php_persistent_handle_abandon);
+                       } else {
+                               php_resource_factory_init(&obj->intern->factory, &php_pqconn_resource_factory_ops, NULL, NULL);
+                       }
+
+                       if (flags & PHP_PQCONN_ASYNC) {
+                               obj->intern->poller = (int (*)(PGconn*)) PQconnectPoll;
+                       }
+
+                       obj->intern->conn = php_resource_factory_handle_ctor(&obj->intern->factory, &rfdata TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               PQsetNoticeReceiver(obj->intern->conn, php_pqconn_notice_recv, data);
-               PQregisterEventProc(obj->intern->conn, php_pqconn_event, "ext-pq", data);
+                       PQsetInstanceData(obj->intern->conn, php_pqconn_event, evdata);
+                       PQsetNoticeReceiver(obj->intern->conn, php_pqconn_notice_recv, evdata);
 
-               if (SUCCESS != php_pqconn_update_socket(getThis(), obj TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Connection failed (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                       if (SUCCESS != php_pqconn_update_socket(getThis(), obj TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_CONNECTION_FAILED), EX_CONNECTION_FAILED TSRMLS_CC, "Connection failed (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                       }
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_reset, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -1701,41 +2038,85 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, listen) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sf", &channel_str, &channel_len, &listener.fci, &listener.fcc)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
-
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        char *quoted_channel = PQescapeIdentifier(obj->intern->conn, channel_str, channel_len);
 
-                       if (quoted_channel) {
+                       if (!quoted_channel) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to escape channel identifier (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
                                PGresult *res;
-                               char *cmd;
+                               smart_str cmd = {0};
 
-                               spprintf(&cmd, 0, "LISTEN %s", channel_str);
-                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn, cmd);
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "LISTEN ");
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, quoted_channel);
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
 
-                               efree(cmd);
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+
+                               smart_str_free(&cmd);
                                PQfreemem(quoted_channel);
 
-                               if (res) {
-                                       if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                               if (!res) {
+                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to install listener (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (SUCCESS != php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                                       } else {
+                                               obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
                                                php_pqconn_add_listener(obj, channel_str, channel_len, &listener TSRMLS_CC);
                                                RETVAL_TRUE;
-                                       } else {
-                                               RETVAL_FALSE;
                                        }
-                                       PQclear(res);
-                               } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not install listener (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                                       PHP_PQclear(res);
                                }
 
                                php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not escape channel identifier (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
                        }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_listen_async, 0, 0, 0)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, channel)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, callable)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, listenAsync) {
+       char *channel_str = NULL;
+       int channel_len = 0;
+       php_pq_callback_t listener;
+
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sf", &channel_str, &channel_len, &listener.fci, &listener.fcc)) {
+               php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
                } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       char *quoted_channel = PQescapeIdentifier(obj->intern->conn, channel_str, channel_len);
+
+                       if (!quoted_channel) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to escape channel identifier (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "LISTEN ");
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, quoted_channel);
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                               if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn, cmd.c)) {
+                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to install listener (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               } else {
+                                       obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                                       php_pqconn_add_listener(obj, channel_str, channel_len, &listener TSRMLS_CC);
+                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
+                               }
+
+                               smart_str_free(&cmd);
+                               PQfreemem(quoted_channel);
+                       }
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1751,29 +2132,56 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, notify) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss", &channel_str, &channel_len, &message_str, &message_len)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        PGresult *res;
                        char *params[2] = {channel_str, message_str};
 
                        res = PQexecParams(obj->intern->conn, "select pg_notify($1, $2)", 2, NULL, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0);
 
-                       if (res) {
-                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
-                               } else {
+                       if (!res) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to notify listeners (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               if (SUCCESS != php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
                                        RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               } else {
+                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
                                }
-                               PQclear(res);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not notify listeners (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       }
+
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_notify_async, 0, 0, 2)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, channel)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, message)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, notifyAsync) {
+       char *channel_str, *message_str;
+       int channel_len, message_len;
+
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss", &channel_str, &channel_len, &message_str, &message_len)) {
+               php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       char *params[2] = {channel_str, message_str};
+
+                       if (!PQsendQueryParams(obj->intern->conn, "select pg_notify($1, $2)", 2, NULL, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to notify listeners (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                               RETVAL_TRUE;
                        }
 
                        php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1784,22 +2192,16 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, poll) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->poller) {
-                               if (obj->intern->poller == PQconsumeInput) {
-                                       RETVAL_LONG(obj->intern->poller(obj->intern->conn) * PGRES_POLLING_OK);
-                                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-                                       return;
-                               } else {
-                                       RETURN_LONG(obj->intern->poller(obj->intern->conn));
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "No asynchronous operation active");
-                       }
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->poller) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "No asynchronous operation active");
+               } else if (obj->intern->poller == PQconsumeInput) {
+                       RETVAL_LONG(obj->intern->poller(obj->intern->conn) * PGRES_POLLING_OK);
                } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+                       RETVAL_LONG(obj->intern->poller(obj->intern->conn));
                }
-               RETURN_FALSE;
+               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1810,32 +2212,34 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, exec) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        char *query_str;
        int query_len;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &query_str, &query_len)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &query_str, &query_len);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        PGresult *res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn, query_str);
 
-                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-
-                       if (res) {
-                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                                       php_pqres_t *r = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*r));
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                       } else if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                               php_pqres_t *r = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*r));
 
-                                       r->res = res;
-                                       return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
-                                       return_value->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               r->res = res;
+                               ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&r->bound);
+                               return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
+                               return_value->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_get_result, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -1844,21 +2248,23 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, getResult) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connectio not initialized");
+               } else {
                        PGresult *res = PQgetResult(obj->intern->conn);
 
-                       if (res) {
+                       if (!res) {
+                               RETVAL_NULL();
+                       } else {
                                php_pqres_t *r = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*r));
 
                                r->res = res;
+                               ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&r->bound);
                                return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
                                return_value->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-                       } else {
-                               RETVAL_NULL();
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1872,37 +2278,31 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, execAsync) {
        php_pq_callback_t resolver = {{0}};
        char *query_str;
        int query_len;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s|f", &query_str, &query_len, &resolver.fci, &resolver.fcc)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s|f", &query_str, &query_len, &resolver.fci, &resolver.fcc);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn, query_str)) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+               } else if (obj->intern->unbuffered && !PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn)) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to request unbuffered result handling (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+               } else {
+                       obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
                        php_pq_callback_dtor(&obj->intern->onevent);
                        if (resolver.fci.size > 0) {
                                obj->intern->onevent = resolver;
                                php_pq_callback_addref(&obj->intern->onevent);
                        }
-
-                       obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
-
-                       if (PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn, query_str)) {
-                               if (obj->intern->unbuffered) {
-                                       if (!PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn)) {
-                                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_NOTICE, "Could not enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               RETVAL_TRUE;
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 static int apply_to_oid(void *p, void *arg TSRMLS_DC)
@@ -1960,7 +2360,7 @@ static int php_pq_types_to_array(HashTable *ht, Oid **types TSRMLS_DC)
                Oid *tmp;
 
                /* +1 for when less types than params are specified */
-               *types = tmp = ecalloc(count + 1, sizeof(Oid));
+               *types = tmp = ecalloc(count + 1, sizeof(**types));
                zend_hash_apply_with_argument(ht, apply_to_oid, &tmp TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        
@@ -1982,7 +2382,26 @@ static int php_pq_params_to_array(HashTable *ht, char ***params, HashTable *zdto
        
        return count;
 }
+/*
+static Oid *php_pq_ntypes_to_array(zend_bool fill, int argc, ...)
+{
+       int i;
+       Oid *oids = ecalloc(argc + 1, sizeof(*oids));
+       va_list argv;
+
+       va_start(argv, argc);
+       for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+               if (!fill || !i) {
+                       oids[i] = va_arg(argv, Oid);
+               } else {
+                       oids[i] = oids[0];
+               }
+       }
+       va_end(argv);
 
+       return oids;
+}
+*/
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_exec_params, 0, 0, 2)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, query)
        ZEND_ARG_ARRAY_INFO(0, params, 0)
@@ -1994,12 +2413,18 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, execParams) {
        int query_len;
        zval *zparams;
        zval *ztypes = NULL;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sa/|a/!", &query_str, &query_len, &zparams, &ztypes)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sa/|a/!", &query_str, &query_len, &zparams, &ztypes);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        PGresult *res;
                        int count;
                        Oid *types = NULL;
@@ -2023,26 +2448,22 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, execParams) {
                                efree(params);
                        }
 
-                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-
-                       if (res) {
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
                                if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
                                        php_pqres_t *r = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*r));
 
                                        r->res = res;
+                                       ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&r->bound);
                                        return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
                                        return_value->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                                }
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_exec_params_async, 0, 0, 2)
@@ -2058,12 +2479,18 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, execParamsAsync) {
        int query_len;
        zval *zparams;
        zval *ztypes = NULL;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sa/|a/!f", &query_str, &query_len, &zparams, &ztypes, &resolver.fci, &resolver.fcc)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sa/|a/!f", &query_str, &query_len, &zparams, &ztypes, &resolver.fci, &resolver.fcc);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        int count;
                        Oid *types = NULL;
                        char **params = NULL;
@@ -2076,24 +2503,18 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, execParamsAsync) {
                                php_pq_types_to_array(Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes), &types TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
 
-                       php_pq_callback_dtor(&obj->intern->onevent);
-                       if (resolver.fci.size > 0) {
-                               obj->intern->onevent = resolver;
-                               php_pq_callback_addref(&obj->intern->onevent);
-                       }
-
-                       obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
-
-                       if (PQsendQueryParams(obj->intern->conn, query_str, count, types, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
-                               if (obj->intern->unbuffered) {
-                                       if (!PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn)) {
-                                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_NOTICE, "Could not enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               RETVAL_TRUE;
+                       if (!PQsendQueryParams(obj->intern->conn, query_str, count, types, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                       } else if (obj->intern->unbuffered && !PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
                        } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not execute query (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                               php_pq_callback_dtor(&obj->intern->onevent);
+                               if (resolver.fci.size > 0) {
+                                       obj->intern->onevent = resolver;
+                                       php_pq_callback_addref(&obj->intern->onevent);
+                               }
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
 
                        zend_hash_destroy(&zdtor);
@@ -2103,12 +2524,6 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, execParamsAsync) {
                        if (params) {
                                efree(params);
                        }
-
-                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
        zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
@@ -2136,12 +2551,13 @@ static STATUS php_pqconn_prepare(zval *object, php_pqconn_object_t *obj, const c
                efree(types);
        }
 
-       if (res) {
-               rv = php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-               PQclear(res);
-       } else {
+       if (!res) {
                rv = FAILURE;
-               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not prepare statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to prepare statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+       } else {
+               rv = php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
+               PHP_PQclear(res);
+               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        
        return rv;
@@ -2157,28 +2573,29 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, prepare) {
        zval *ztypes = NULL;
        char *name_str, *query_str;
        int name_len, *query_len;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss|a/!", &name_str, &name_len, &query_str, &query_len, &ztypes)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss|a/!", &name_str, &name_len, &query_str, &query_len, &ztypes);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (SUCCESS == php_pqconn_prepare(getThis(), obj, name_str, query_str, ztypes ? Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes) : NULL TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                               php_pqstm_t *stm = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*stm));
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else if (SUCCESS == php_pqconn_prepare(getThis(), obj, name_str, query_str, ztypes ? Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes) : NULL TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                       php_pqstm_t *stm = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*stm));
 
-                               php_pq_object_addref(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-                               stm->conn = obj;
-                               stm->name = estrdup(name_str);
+                       php_pq_object_addref(obj TSRMLS_CC);
+                       stm->conn = obj;
+                       stm->name = estrdup(name_str);
+                       ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&stm->bound);
 
-                               return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
-                               return_value->value.obj = php_pqstm_create_object_ex(php_pqstm_class_entry, stm, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-                       }
-                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+                       return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
+                       return_value->value.obj = php_pqstm_create_object_ex(php_pqstm_class_entry, stm, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 static STATUS php_pqconn_prepare_async(zval *object, php_pqconn_object_t *obj, const char *name, const char *query, HashTable *typest TSRMLS_DC)
@@ -2195,16 +2612,16 @@ static STATUS php_pqconn_prepare_async(zval *object, php_pqconn_object_t *obj, c
                count = php_pq_types_to_array(typest, &types TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        
-       if (PQsendPrepare(obj->intern->conn, name, query, count, types)) {
-               if (obj->intern->unbuffered) {
-                       if (!PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn)) {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_NOTICE, "Could not enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                       }
-               }
-               rv = SUCCESS;
-       } else {
-               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not prepare statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+       if (!PQsendPrepare(obj->intern->conn, name, query, count, types)) {
                rv = FAILURE;
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to prepare statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+       } else if (obj->intern->unbuffered && !PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn)) {
+               rv = FAILURE;
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+       } else {
+               rv = SUCCESS;
+               obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        
        if (types) {
@@ -2224,29 +2641,29 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, prepareAsync) {
        zval *ztypes = NULL;
        char *name_str, *query_str;
        int name_len, *query_len;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss|a/!", &name_str, &name_len, &query_str, &query_len, &ztypes)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss|a/!", &name_str, &name_len, &query_str, &query_len, &ztypes);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
-                       if (SUCCESS == php_pqconn_prepare_async(getThis(), obj, name_str, query_str, ztypes ? Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes) : NULL TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                               php_pqstm_t *stm = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*stm));
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else if (SUCCESS == php_pqconn_prepare_async(getThis(), obj, name_str, query_str, ztypes ? Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes) : NULL TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                       php_pqstm_t *stm = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*stm));
 
-                               php_pq_object_addref(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-                               stm->conn = obj;
-                               stm->name = estrdup(name_str);
+                       php_pq_object_addref(obj TSRMLS_CC);
+                       stm->conn = obj;
+                       stm->name = estrdup(name_str);
+                       ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&stm->bound);
 
-                               return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
-                               return_value->value.obj = php_pqstm_create_object_ex(php_pqstm_class_entry, stm, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-                       }
-                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj TSRMLS_CC);
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+                       return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
+                       return_value->value.obj = php_pqstm_create_object_ex(php_pqstm_class_entry, stm, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_quote, 0, 0, 1)
@@ -2259,19 +2676,18 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, quote) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &str, &len)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        char *quoted = PQescapeLiteral(obj->intern->conn, str, len);
 
-                       if (quoted) {
+                       if (!quoted) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to quote string (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
                                RETVAL_STRING(quoted, 1);
                                PQfreemem(quoted);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not quote string (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -2286,19 +2702,18 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, quoteName) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &str, &len)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        char *quoted = PQescapeIdentifier(obj->intern->conn, str, len);
 
-                       if (quoted) {
+                       if (!quoted) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to quote name (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
                                RETVAL_STRING(quoted, 1);
                                PQfreemem(quoted);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not quote name (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -2313,20 +2728,19 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, escapeBytea) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &str, &len)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        size_t escaped_len;
                        char *escaped_str = (char *) PQescapeByteaConn(obj->intern->conn, (unsigned char *) str, len, &escaped_len);
 
-                       if (escaped_str) {
+                       if (!escaped_str) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to escape bytea (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
                                RETVAL_STRINGL(escaped_str, escaped_len - 1, 1);
                                PQfreemem(escaped_str);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not escape bytea (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -2341,20 +2755,19 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, unescapeBytea) {
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &str, &len)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        size_t unescaped_len;
                        char *unescaped_str = (char *) PQunescapeBytea((unsigned char *)str, &unescaped_len);
 
-                       if (unescaped_str) {
+                       if (!unescaped_str) {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to unescape bytea (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
                                RETVAL_STRINGL(unescaped_str, unescaped_len, 1);
                                PQfreemem(unescaped_str);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not unescape bytea (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn));
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -2375,61 +2788,79 @@ static const char *isolation_level(long *isolation) {
 
 static STATUS php_pqconn_start_transaction(zval *zconn, php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj, long isolation, zend_bool readonly, zend_bool deferrable TSRMLS_DC)
 {
+       STATUS rv = FAILURE;
+
        if (!conn_obj) {
                conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
        }
 
-       if (conn_obj->intern) {
+       if (!conn_obj->intern) {
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+       } else {
                PGresult *res;
-               char *cmd;
-
-               spprintf(&cmd, 0, "START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL %s, READ %s, %s DEFERRABLE",
-                               isolation_level(&isolation), readonly ? "ONLY" : "WRITE", deferrable ? "": "NOT");
-
-               res = PQexec(conn_obj->intern->conn, cmd);
-
-               efree(cmd);
-
-               if (res) {
-                       STATUS rv = php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-
-                       PQclear(res);
-                       return rv;
+               smart_str cmd = {0};
+               const char *il = isolation_level(&isolation);
+
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL ");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, il);
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, ", READ ");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, readonly ? "ONLY" : "WRITE");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, ",");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, deferrable ? "" : " NOT");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, " DEFERRABLE");
+               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+               res = PQexec(conn_obj->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+
+               if (!res) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to start transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(conn_obj->intern->conn));
                } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not start transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(conn_obj->intern->conn));
-                       return FAILURE;
+                       rv = php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
+                       PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
                }
-       } else {
-               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-               return FAILURE;
+
+               smart_str_free(&cmd);
        }
+
+       return rv;
 }
 
 static STATUS php_pqconn_start_transaction_async(zval *zconn, php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj, long isolation, zend_bool readonly, zend_bool deferrable TSRMLS_DC)
 {
+       STATUS rv = FAILURE;
+
        if (!conn_obj) {
                conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
        }
 
-       if (conn_obj->intern->conn) {
-               char *cmd;
-
-               spprintf(&cmd, 0, "START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL %s, READ %s, %s DEFERRABLE",
-                               isolation_level(&isolation), readonly ? "ONLY" : "WRITE", deferrable ? "": "NOT");
-
-               if (PQsendQuery(conn_obj->intern->conn, cmd)) {
-                       conn_obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
-                       efree(cmd);
-                       return SUCCESS;
+       if (!conn_obj->intern) {
+               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+       } else {
+               smart_str cmd = {0};
+               const char *il = isolation_level(&isolation);
+
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL ");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, il);
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, ", READ ");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, readonly ? "ONLY" : "WRITE");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, ",");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, deferrable ? "" : "NOT ");
+               smart_str_appends(&cmd, " DEFERRABLE");
+               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+               if (!PQsendQuery(conn_obj->intern->conn, cmd.c)) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to start transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(conn_obj->intern->conn));
                } else {
-                       efree(cmd);
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not start transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(conn_obj->intern->conn));
-                       return FAILURE;
+                       rv = SUCCESS;
+                       conn_obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
                }
-       } else {
-               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-               return FAILURE;
+
+               smart_str_free(&cmd);
        }
+
+       return rv;
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_start_transaction, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -2441,10 +2872,13 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, startTransaction) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        long isolation = PHP_PQTXN_READ_COMMITTED;
        zend_bool readonly = 0, deferrable = 0;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|lbb", &isolation, &readonly, &deferrable)) {
-               STATUS rv;
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|lbb", &isolation, &readonly, &deferrable);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
                rv = php_pqconn_start_transaction(getThis(), obj, isolation, readonly, deferrable TSRMLS_CC);
@@ -2454,6 +2888,7 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, startTransaction) {
 
                        php_pq_object_addref(obj TSRMLS_CC);
                        txn->conn = obj;
+                       txn->open = 1;
                        txn->isolation = isolation;
                        txn->readonly = readonly;
                        txn->deferrable = deferrable;
@@ -2462,7 +2897,6 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, startTransaction) {
                        return_value->value.obj = php_pqtxn_create_object_ex(php_pqtxn_class_entry, txn, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 
@@ -2475,10 +2909,12 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, startTransactionAsync) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        long isolation = PHP_PQTXN_READ_COMMITTED;
        zend_bool readonly = 0, deferrable = 0;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|lbb", &isolation, &readonly, &deferrable)) {
-               STATUS rv;
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|lbb", &isolation, &readonly, &deferrable);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
                rv = php_pqconn_start_transaction_async(getThis(), obj, isolation, readonly, deferrable TSRMLS_CC);
@@ -2496,7 +2932,6 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, startTransactionAsync) {
                        return_value->value.obj = php_pqtxn_create_object_ex(php_pqtxn_class_entry, txn, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqconn_trace, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -2507,27 +2942,27 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqconn, trace) {
 
        if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|r!", &zstream)) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (zstream) {
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       if (!zstream) {
+                               PQuntrace(obj->intern->conn);
+                               RETVAL_TRUE;
+                       } else {
                                FILE *fp;
                                php_stream *stream = NULL;
 
                                php_stream_from_zval(stream, &zstream);
 
-                               if (SUCCESS == php_stream_cast(stream, PHP_STREAM_AS_STDIO, (void *) &fp, REPORT_ERRORS)) {
+                               if (SUCCESS != php_stream_cast(stream, PHP_STREAM_AS_STDIO, (void *) &fp, REPORT_ERRORS)) {
+                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               } else {
                                        stream->flags |= PHP_STREAM_FLAG_NO_CLOSE;
                                        PQtrace(obj->intern->conn, fp);
                                        RETVAL_TRUE;
-                               } else {
-                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                                }
-                       } else {
-                               PQuntrace(obj->intern->conn);
-                               RETVAL_TRUE;
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -2544,7 +2979,9 @@ static zend_function_entry php_pqconn_methods[] = {
        PHP_ME(pqconn, prepare, ai_pqconn_prepare, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqconn, prepareAsync, ai_pqconn_prepare_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqconn, listen, ai_pqconn_listen, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqconn, listenAsync, ai_pqconn_listen_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqconn, notify, ai_pqconn_notify, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqconn, notifyAsync, ai_pqconn_notify_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqconn, getResult, ai_pqconn_get_result, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqconn, quote, ai_pqconn_quote, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqconn, quoteName, ai_pqconn_quote_name, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
@@ -2558,59 +2995,113 @@ static zend_function_entry php_pqconn_methods[] = {
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtypes_construct, 0, 0, 1)
        ZEND_ARG_OBJ_INFO(0, connection, pq\\Connection, 0)
+       ZEND_ARG_ARRAY_INFO(0, namespaces, 1)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
 static PHP_METHOD(pqtypes, __construct) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
-       zval *zconn;
+       zval *zconn, *znsp = NULL;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "O", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry)) {
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "O|a!", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry, &znsp);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (conn_obj->intern) {
-                       zval *retval = NULL;
+               if (!conn_obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        php_pqtypes_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+                       zval *retval = NULL;
 
                        obj->intern = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*obj->intern));
                        obj->intern->conn = conn_obj;
                        php_pq_object_addref(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
                        zend_hash_init(&obj->intern->types, 300, NULL, ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);
 
-                       zend_call_method_with_0_params(&getThis(), Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()), NULL, "refresh", &retval);
+                       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_RUNTIME), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+                       if (znsp) {
+                               zend_call_method_with_1_params(&getThis(), Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()), NULL, "refresh", &retval, znsp);
+                       } else {
+                               zend_call_method_with_0_params(&getThis(), Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()), NULL, "refresh", &retval);
+                       }
+                       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
                        if (retval) {
                                zval_ptr_dtor(&retval);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 #define PHP_PQ_TYPES_QUERY \
        "select t.oid, t.* " \
        "from pg_type t join pg_namespace n on t.typnamespace=n.oid " \
        "where typisdefined " \
-       "and typrelid=0 " \
-       "and nspname in ('public', 'pg_catalog')"
+       "and typrelid=0"
+#define PHP_PQ_OID_TEXT 25
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtypes_refresh, 0, 0, 0)
+       ZEND_ARG_ARRAY_INFO(0, namespaces, 1)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
 static PHP_METHOD(pqtypes, refresh) {
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
+       HashTable *nsp = NULL;
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|H/!", &nsp);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqtypes_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       PGresult *res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, PHP_PQ_TYPES_QUERY);
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Types not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       PGresult *res;
 
-                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+                       if (!nsp || !zend_hash_num_elements(nsp)) {
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, PHP_PQ_TYPES_QUERY " and nspname in ('public', 'pg_catalog')");
+                       } else {
+                               int i, count;
+                               Oid *oids;
+                               char **params = NULL;
+                               HashTable zdtor;
+                               smart_str str = {0};
+
+                               smart_str_appends(&str, PHP_PQ_TYPES_QUERY " and nspname in(");
+                               zend_hash_init(&zdtor, 0, NULL, ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);
+                               count = php_pq_params_to_array(nsp, &params, &zdtor TSRMLS_CC);
+                               oids = ecalloc(count + 1, sizeof(*oids));
+                               for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+                                       oids[i] = PHP_PQ_OID_TEXT;
+                                       if (i) {
+                                               smart_str_appendc(&str, ',');
+                                       }
+                                       smart_str_appendc(&str, '$');
+                                       smart_str_append_unsigned(&str, i+1);
+                               }
+                               smart_str_appendc(&str, ')');
+                               smart_str_0(&str);
 
-                       if (res) {
-                               if (PGRES_TUPLES_OK == PQresultStatus(res)) {
+                               res = PQexecParams(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, str.c, count, oids, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0);
+
+                               smart_str_free(&str);
+                               efree(oids);
+                               efree(params);
+                               zend_hash_destroy(&zdtor);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to fetch types (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
                                        int r, rows;
 
                                        for (r = 0, rows = PQntuples(res); r < rows; ++r) {
-                                               zval *row = php_pqres_row_to_zval(res, r, PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT TSRMLS_CC);
+                                               zval *row = php_pqres_row_to_zval(res, r, PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                                                long oid = atol(PQgetvalue(res, r, 0 ));
                                                char *name = PQgetvalue(res, r, 1);
 
@@ -2619,16 +3110,11 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqtypes, refresh) {
                                                zend_hash_index_update(&obj->intern->types, oid, (void *) &row, sizeof(zval *), NULL);
                                                zend_hash_add(&obj->intern->types, name, strlen(name) + 1, (void *) &row, sizeof(zval *), NULL);
                                        }
-                               } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not fetch types: %s", PQresultErrorMessage(res));
                                }
-                               PQclear(res);
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not fetch types (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                       }
 
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Types not initialized");
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+                       }
                }
        }
 }
@@ -2639,9 +3125,9 @@ static zend_function_entry php_pqtypes_methods[] = {
        {0}
 };
 
-static zval **php_pqres_iteration(zval *this_ptr, php_pqres_object_t *obj, php_pqres_fetch_t fetch_type TSRMLS_DC)
+static STATUS php_pqres_iteration(zval *this_ptr, php_pqres_object_t *obj, php_pqres_fetch_t fetch_type, zval ***row TSRMLS_DC)
 {
-       zval **row = NULL;
+       STATUS rv;
        php_pqres_fetch_t orig_fetch;
 
        if (!obj) {
@@ -2654,13 +3140,159 @@ static zval **php_pqres_iteration(zval *this_ptr, php_pqres_object_t *obj, php_p
        }
        orig_fetch = obj->intern->iter->fetch_type;
        obj->intern->iter->fetch_type = fetch_type;
-       if (SUCCESS == obj->intern->iter->zi.funcs->valid((zend_object_iterator *) obj->intern->iter TSRMLS_CC)) {
-               obj->intern->iter->zi.funcs->get_current_data((zend_object_iterator *) obj->intern->iter, &row TSRMLS_CC);
+       if (SUCCESS == (rv = obj->intern->iter->zi.funcs->valid((zend_object_iterator *) obj->intern->iter TSRMLS_CC))) {
+               obj->intern->iter->zi.funcs->get_current_data((zend_object_iterator *) obj->intern->iter, row TSRMLS_CC);
                obj->intern->iter->zi.funcs->move_forward((zend_object_iterator *) obj->intern->iter TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        obj->intern->iter->fetch_type = orig_fetch;
 
-       return row ? row : NULL;
+       return rv;
+}
+
+typedef struct php_pqres_col {
+       char *name;
+       int num;
+} php_pqres_col_t;
+
+static STATUS column_nn(php_pqres_object_t *obj, zval *zcol, php_pqres_col_t *col TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       long index = -1;
+       char *name = NULL;
+
+       switch (Z_TYPE_P(zcol)) {
+       default:
+               convert_to_string(zcol);
+               /* no break */
+
+       case IS_STRING:
+               if (!is_numeric_string(Z_STRVAL_P(zcol), Z_STRLEN_P(zcol), &index, NULL, 0)) {
+                       name = Z_STRVAL_P(zcol);
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case IS_LONG:
+               index = Z_LVAL_P(zcol);
+               break;
+       }
+
+       if (name) {
+               col->name = name;
+               col->num = PQfnumber(obj->intern->res, name);
+       } else {
+               col->name = PQfname(obj->intern->res, index);
+               col->num = index;
+       }
+
+       if (!col->name) {
+               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to find column at index %ld", index);
+               return FAILURE;
+       }
+       if (col->num == -1) {
+               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to find column with name '%s'", name);
+               return FAILURE;
+       }
+       return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int compare_index(const void *lptr, const void *rptr TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       const Bucket *l = *(const Bucket **) lptr;
+       const Bucket *r = *(const Bucket **) rptr;
+
+       if (l->h < r->h) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (l->h > r->h) {
+               return 1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqres_bind, 0, 0, 2)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, col)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, ref)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqres, bind) {
+       zval *zcol, *zref;
+
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z/z", &zcol, &zref)) {
+               php_pqres_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Result not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       php_pqres_col_t col;
+
+                       if (SUCCESS != column_nn(obj, zcol, &col TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               Z_ADDREF_P(zref);
+
+                               if (SUCCESS != zend_hash_index_update(&obj->intern->bound, col.num, (void *) &zref, sizeof(zval *), NULL)) {
+                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to bind column %s@%d", col.name, col.num);
+                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               } else {
+                                       zend_hash_sort(&obj->intern->bound, zend_qsort, compare_index, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
+                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static int apply_bound(void *p TSRMLS_DC, int argc, va_list argv, zend_hash_key *key)
+{
+       zval **zvalue, **zbound = p;
+       zval **zrow = va_arg(argv, zval **);
+       STATUS *rv = va_arg(argv, STATUS *);
+
+       if (SUCCESS != zend_hash_index_find(Z_ARRVAL_PP(zrow), key->h, (void *) &zvalue)) {
+               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to find column ad index %lu", key->h);
+               *rv = FAILURE;
+               return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_STOP;
+       } else {
+               zval_dtor(*zbound);
+               ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(*zbound, *zvalue);
+               ZVAL_NULL(*zvalue);
+               zval_ptr_dtor(zvalue);
+               Z_ADDREF_P(*zbound);
+               *zvalue = *zbound;
+               *rv = SUCCESS;
+               return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_KEEP;
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqres_fetch_bound, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqres, fetchBound) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqres_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Result not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       zval **row = NULL;
+
+                       if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_iteration(getThis(), obj, PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY, &row TSRMLS_CC) && row) {
+                               zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_RUNTIME), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+                               zend_hash_apply_with_arguments(&obj->intern->bound TSRMLS_CC, apply_bound, 2, row, &rv);
+                               zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+                               if (SUCCESS != rv) {
+                                       zval_ptr_dtor(row);
+                               } else {
+                                       RETVAL_ZVAL(*row, 1, 0);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqres_fetch_row, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -2669,19 +3301,32 @@ ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
 static PHP_METHOD(pqres, fetchRow) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        php_pqres_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
-       long fetch_type = obj->intern->iter ? obj->intern->iter->fetch_type : PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY;
+       long fetch_type = -1;
+       STATUS rv;
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|l", &fetch_type)) {
-               zval **row = php_pqres_iteration(getThis(), obj, fetch_type TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|l", &fetch_type);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (row) {
-                       RETVAL_ZVAL(*row, 1, 0);
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Result not initialized");
                } else {
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       zval **row = NULL;
+
+                       if (fetch_type == -1) {
+                                fetch_type = obj->intern->iter ? obj->intern->iter->fetch_type : PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY;
+                       }
+
+                       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_RUNTIME), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+                       php_pqres_iteration(getThis(), obj, fetch_type, &row TSRMLS_CC);
+                       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+                       if (row) {
+                               RETVAL_ZVAL(*row, 1, 0);
+                       }
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 static zval **column_at(zval *row, int col TSRMLS_DC)
@@ -2690,14 +3335,14 @@ static zval **column_at(zval *row, int col TSRMLS_DC)
        HashTable *ht = HASH_OF(row);
        int count = zend_hash_num_elements(ht);
 
-       if (col < count) {
+       if (col >= count) {
+               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Column index %d exceeds column count %d", col, count);
+       } else {
                zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset(ht);
                while (col-- > 0) {
                        zend_hash_move_forward(ht);
                }
                zend_hash_get_current_data(ht, (void *) &data);
-       } else {
-               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Column index %d exceeds column count %d", col, count);
        }
        return data;
 }
@@ -2708,31 +3353,213 @@ ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
 static PHP_METHOD(pqres, fetchCol) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        long fetch_col = 0;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_INVALID_ARGUMENT), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|l", &fetch_col);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqres_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Result not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       zval **row = NULL;
+
+                       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, exce(EX_RUNTIME), &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+                       php_pqres_iteration(getThis(), obj, obj->intern->iter ? obj->intern->iter->fetch_type : 0, &row TSRMLS_CC);
+                       if (row) {
+                               zval **col = column_at(*row, fetch_col TSRMLS_CC);
+
+                               if (col) {
+                                       RETVAL_ZVAL(*col, 1, 0);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static int apply_to_col(void *p TSRMLS_DC, int argc, va_list argv, zend_hash_key *key)
+{
+       zval **c = p;
+       php_pqres_object_t *obj = va_arg(argv, php_pqres_object_t *);
+       php_pqres_col_t *col, **cols = va_arg(argv, php_pqres_col_t **);
+       STATUS *rv = va_arg(argv, STATUS *);
+
+       col = *cols;
+
+       if (SUCCESS != column_nn(obj, *c, col TSRMLS_CC)) {
+               *rv = FAILURE;
+               return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_STOP;
+       } else {
+               *rv = SUCCESS;
+               ++*cols;
+               return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_KEEP;
+       }
+}
+
+static php_pqres_col_t *php_pqres_convert_to_cols(php_pqres_object_t *obj, HashTable *ht TSRMLS_DC)
+{
+       php_pqres_col_t *tmp, *cols = ecalloc(zend_hash_num_elements(ht), sizeof(*cols));
+       STATUS rv = SUCCESS;
+
+       tmp = cols;
+       zend_hash_apply_with_arguments(ht TSRMLS_CC, apply_to_col, 2, obj, &tmp, &rv);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               return cols;
+       } else {
+               efree(cols);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqres_map, 0, 0, 0)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, keys)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, vals)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, fetch_type)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqres, map) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       zval *zkeys = 0, *zvals = 0;
+       long fetch_type = -1;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|l", &fetch_col)) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|z/!z/!l", &zkeys, &zvals, &fetch_type);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqres_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
-               zval **row = php_pqres_iteration(getThis(), obj, obj->intern->iter ? obj->intern->iter->fetch_type : 0 TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (row) {
-                       zval **col = column_at(*row, fetch_col TSRMLS_CC);
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Result not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       int ks = 0, vs = 0;
+                       php_pqres_col_t def = {PQfname(obj->intern->res, 0), 0}, *keys = NULL, *vals = NULL;
+
+                       if (zkeys) {
+                               convert_to_array(zkeys);
 
-                       if (col) {
-                               RETVAL_ZVAL(*col, 1, 0);
+                               if ((ks = zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(zkeys)))) {
+                                       keys = php_pqres_convert_to_cols(obj, Z_ARRVAL_P(zkeys) TSRMLS_CC);
+                               } else {
+                                       ks = 1;
+                                       keys = &def;
+                               }
                        } else {
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                               ks = 1;
+                               keys = &def;
+                       }
+                       if (zvals) {
+                               convert_to_array(zvals);
+
+                               if ((vs = zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(zvals)))) {
+                                       vals = php_pqres_convert_to_cols(obj, Z_ARRVAL_P(zvals) TSRMLS_CC);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (fetch_type == -1) {
+                               fetch_type = obj->intern->iter ? obj->intern->iter->fetch_type : PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY;
+                       }
+
+                       if (keys) {
+                               int rows, r;
+                               zval **cur;
+
+                               switch (fetch_type) {
+                               case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY:
+                               case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ASSOC:
+                                       array_init(return_value);
+                                       break;
+                               case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT:
+                                       object_init(return_value);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               for (r = 0, rows = PQntuples(obj->intern->res); r < rows; ++r) {
+                                       int k, v;
+
+                                       cur = &return_value;
+                                       for (k = 0; k < ks; ++k) {
+                                               char *key = PQgetvalue(obj->intern->res, r, keys[k].num);
+                                               int len = PQgetlength(obj->intern->res, r, keys[k].num);
+
+                                               if (SUCCESS != zend_symtable_find(HASH_OF(*cur), key, len + 1, (void *) &cur)) {
+                                                       zval *tmp;
+
+                                                       MAKE_STD_ZVAL(tmp);
+                                                       switch (fetch_type) {
+                                                       case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY:
+                                                       case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ASSOC:
+                                                               array_init(tmp);
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT:
+                                                               object_init(tmp);
+                                                               break;
+                                                       }
+                                                       if (SUCCESS != zend_symtable_update(HASH_OF(*cur), key, len + 1, (void *) &tmp, sizeof(zval *), (void *) &cur)) {
+                                                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to create map");
+                                                               goto err;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if (vals && vs) {
+                                               for (v = 0; v < vs; ++v) {
+                                                       char *val = PQgetvalue(obj->intern->res, r, vals[v].num);
+                                                       int len = PQgetlength(obj->intern->res, r, vals[v].num);
+
+                                                       switch (fetch_type) {
+                                                       case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ARRAY:
+                                                               add_index_stringl(*cur, vals[v].num, val, len, 1);
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_ASSOC:
+                                                               add_assoc_stringl(*cur, vals[v].name, val, len, 1);
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case PHP_PQRES_FETCH_OBJECT:
+                                                               add_property_stringl(*cur, vals[v].name, val, len, 1);
+                                                               break;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               php_pqres_row_to_zval(obj->intern->res, r, fetch_type, cur TSRMLS_CC);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       err:
+                       if (keys && keys != &def) {
+                               efree(keys);
+                       }
+                       if (vals) {
+                               efree(vals);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+}
 
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqres_count, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqres, count) {
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
+               long count;
+
+               if (SUCCESS != php_pqres_count_elements(getThis(), &count TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Result not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       RETVAL_LONG(count);
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 static zend_function_entry php_pqres_methods[] = {
+       PHP_ME(pqres, bind, ai_pqres_bind, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqres, fetchBound, ai_pqres_fetch_bound, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqres, fetchRow, ai_pqres_fetch_row, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqres, fetchCol, ai_pqres_fetch_col, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqres, count, ai_pqres_count, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqres, map, ai_pqres_map, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        {0}
 };
 
@@ -2749,20 +3576,23 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, __construct) {
        char *name_str, *query_str;
        int name_len, *query_len;
        zend_bool async = 0;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "Oss|a/!b", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry, &name_str, &name_len, &query_str, &query_len, &ztypes, &async)) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "Oss|a/!b", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry, &name_str, &name_len, &query_str, &query_len, &ztypes, &async);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
                php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (conn_obj->intern) {
-                       STATUS rv;
+               if (!conn_obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
                        if (async) {
-                               conn_obj->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
                                rv = php_pqconn_prepare_async(zconn, conn_obj, name_str, query_str, ztypes ? Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes) : NULL TSRMLS_CC);
                        } else {
                                rv = php_pqconn_prepare(zconn, conn_obj, name_str, query_str, ztypes ? Z_ARRVAL_P(ztypes) : NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
 
                        if (SUCCESS == rv) {
@@ -2771,13 +3601,31 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, __construct) {
                                php_pq_object_addref(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
                                stm->conn = conn_obj;
                                stm->name = estrdup(name_str);
+                               ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&stm->bound);
                                obj->intern = stm;
                        }
+               }
+       }
+}
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqstm_bind, 0, 0, 2)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, param_no)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, param_ref)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, bind) {
+       long param_no;
+       zval *param_ref;
+
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "lz", &param_no, &param_ref)) {
+               php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
                } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+                       Z_ADDREF_P(param_ref);
+                       zend_hash_index_update(&obj->intern->bound, param_no, (void *) &param_ref, sizeof(zval *), NULL);
+                       zend_hash_sort(&obj->intern->bound, zend_qsort, compare_index, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqstm_exec, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -2786,53 +3634,52 @@ ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
 static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, exec) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        zval *zparams = NULL;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|a/!", &zparams)) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|a/!", &zparams);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               int count = 0;
-                               char **params = NULL;
-                               HashTable zdtor;
-                               PGresult *res;
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       int count = 0;
+                       char **params = NULL;
+                       HashTable zdtor;
+                       PGresult *res;
 
-                               if (zparams) {
-                                       ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&zdtor);
-                                       count = php_pq_params_to_array(Z_ARRVAL_P(zparams), &params, &zdtor TSRMLS_CC);
-                               }
+                       ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&zdtor);
 
-                               res = PQexecPrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name, count, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0);
+                       if (zparams) {
+                               count = php_pq_params_to_array(Z_ARRVAL_P(zparams), &params, &zdtor TSRMLS_CC);
+                       } else {
+                               count = php_pq_params_to_array(&obj->intern->bound, &params, &zdtor TSRMLS_CC);
+                       }
 
-                               if (params) {
-                                       efree(params);
-                               }
-                               if (zparams) {
-                                       zend_hash_destroy(&zdtor);
-                               }
+                       res = PQexecPrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name, count, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0);
 
-                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+                       if (params) {
+                               efree(params);
+                       }
+                       zend_hash_destroy(&zdtor);
 
-                               if (res) {
-                                       if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                                               php_pqres_t *r = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*r));
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to execute statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                               php_pqres_t *r = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*r));
 
-                                               r->res = res;
-                                               return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
-                                               return_value->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-                                       }
-                               } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not execute statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+                               r->res = res;
+                               ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&r->bound);
+                               return_value->type = IS_OBJECT;
+                               return_value->value.obj = php_pqres_create_object_ex(php_pqres_class_entry, r, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
+
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqstm_exec_async, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -2843,105 +3690,119 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, execAsync) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
        zval *zparams = NULL;
        php_pq_callback_t resolver = {{0}};
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|a/!f", &zparams, &resolver.fci, &resolver.fcc)) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|a/!f", &zparams, &resolver.fci, &resolver.fcc);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               int count;
-                               char **params = NULL;
-                               HashTable zdtor;
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       int count;
+                       char **params = NULL;
+                       HashTable zdtor;
 
-                               if (zparams) {
-                                       ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&zdtor);
-                                       count = php_pq_params_to_array(Z_ARRVAL_P(zparams), &params, &zdtor TSRMLS_CC);
-                               }
+                       if (zparams) {
+                               ZEND_INIT_SYMTABLE(&zdtor);
+                               count = php_pq_params_to_array(Z_ARRVAL_P(zparams), &params, &zdtor TSRMLS_CC);
+                       }
 
+                       if (!PQsendQueryPrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name, count, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else if (obj->intern->conn->intern->unbuffered && !PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
                                php_pq_callback_dtor(&obj->intern->conn->intern->onevent);
                                if (resolver.fci.size > 0) {
                                        obj->intern->conn->intern->onevent = resolver;
                                        php_pq_callback_addref(&obj->intern->conn->intern->onevent);
                                }
-
                                obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                       }
 
-                               if (PQsendQueryPrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name, count, (const char *const*) params, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
-                                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern->unbuffered) {
-                                               if (!PQsetSingleRowMode(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn)) {
-                                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_NOTICE, "Could not enable unbuffered mode (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
-                               } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not execute statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
-                               }
-
-                               if (params) {
-                                       efree(params);
-                               }
-                               if (zparams) {
-                                       zend_hash_destroy(&zdtor);
-                               }
-
-                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
-
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
-                               RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       if (params) {
+                               efree(params);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
-                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                       if (zparams) {
+                               zend_hash_destroy(&zdtor);
+                       }
+
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqstm_desc, 0, 0, 0)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
 static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, desc) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
-               php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               PGresult *res = PQdescribePrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name);
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       PGresult *res = PQdescribePrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name);
 
-                               if (res) {
-                                       if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
-                                               int p, params;
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to describe statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                       int p, params;
 
-                                               array_init(return_value);
-                                               for (p = 0, params = PQnparams(res); p < params; ++p) {
-                                                       add_next_index_long(return_value, PQparamtype(res, p));
-                                               }
+                                       array_init(return_value);
+                                       for (p = 0, params = PQnparams(res); p < params; ++p) {
+                                               add_next_index_long(return_value, PQparamtype(res, p));
                                        }
-                               } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not describe statement (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
                                }
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
                }
        }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqstm_desc_async, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqstm, descAsync) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
        zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqstm_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Statement not initialized");
+               } else if (!PQsendDescribePrepared(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, obj->intern->name)) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to describe statement: %s", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+               } else {
+                       obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 static zend_function_entry php_pqstm_methods[] = {
        PHP_ME(pqstm, __construct, ai_pqstm_construct, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_CTOR)
+       PHP_ME(pqstm, bind, ai_pqstm_bind, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqstm, exec, ai_pqstm_exec, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqstm, desc, ai_pqstm_desc, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqstm, execAsync, ai_pqstm_exec_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqstm, descAsync, ai_pqstm_desc_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        {0}
 };
 
@@ -2957,144 +3818,455 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, __construct) {
        zval *zconn;
        long isolation = PHP_PQTXN_READ_COMMITTED;
        zend_bool async = 0, readonly = 0, deferrable = 0;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "O|blbb", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry, &async, &isolation, &readonly, &deferrable);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!conn_obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       if (async) {
+                               rv = php_pqconn_start_transaction_async(zconn, conn_obj, isolation, readonly, deferrable TSRMLS_CC);
+                       } else {
+                               rv = php_pqconn_start_transaction(zconn, conn_obj, isolation, readonly, deferrable TSRMLS_CC);
+                       }
+
+                       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+                               php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+                               obj->intern = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*obj->intern));
+
+                               php_pq_object_addref(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
+                               obj->intern->conn = conn_obj;
+                               obj->intern->open = 1;
+                               obj->intern->isolation = isolation;
+                               obj->intern->readonly = readonly;
+                               obj->intern->deferrable = deferrable;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_savepoint, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, savepoint) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->open) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction already closed");
+               } else {
+                       PGresult *res;
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                       smart_str_appends(&cmd, "SAVEPOINT \"");
+                       smart_str_append_unsigned(&cmd, ++obj->intern->savepoint);
+                       smart_str_appends(&cmd, "\"");
+                       smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                       res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to create %s (%s)", cmd.c, PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       }
+
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_savepoint_async, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, savepointAsync) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->open) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction already closed");
+               } else {
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                       smart_str_appends(&cmd, "SAVEPOINT \"");
+                       smart_str_append_unsigned(&cmd, ++obj->intern->savepoint);
+                       smart_str_appends(&cmd, "\"");
+                       smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                       if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c)) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to create %s (%s)", cmd.c, PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       }
+
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_commit, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, commit) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transacation not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->open) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transacation already closed");
+               } else {
+                       PGresult *res;
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                       if (!obj->intern->savepoint) {
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "COMMIT");
+                       } else {
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "RELEASE SAVEPOINT \"");
+                               smart_str_append_unsigned(&cmd, obj->intern->savepoint--);
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "\"");
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to %s (%s)", cmd.c ? cmd.c : "commit transaction", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                       if (!cmd.c) {
+                                               obj->intern->open = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       }
+
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_commit_async, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, commitAsync) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->open) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction already closed");
+               } else {
+                       int rc;
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                       if (!obj->intern->savepoint) {
+                               rc = PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "COMMIT");
+                       } else {
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "RELEASE SAVEPOINT \"");
+                               smart_str_append_unsigned(&cmd, obj->intern->savepoint--);
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "\"");
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                               rc = PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!rc) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to %s (%s)", cmd.c ? cmd.c : "commmit transaction", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               if (!cmd.c) {
+                                       obj->intern->open = 0;
+                               }
+                               obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+                       }
+
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_rollback, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, rollback) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 
-       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "O|blbb", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry, &async, &isolation, &readonly, &deferrable)) {
-               STATUS rv;
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
-               php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (conn_obj->intern) {
-                       if (async) {
-                               rv = php_pqconn_start_transaction_async(zconn, conn_obj, isolation, readonly, deferrable TSRMLS_CC);
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->open) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction already closed");
+               } else {
+                       PGresult *res;
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                       if (!obj->intern->savepoint) {
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "ROLLBACK");
                        } else {
-                               rv = php_pqconn_start_transaction(zconn, conn_obj, isolation, readonly, deferrable TSRMLS_CC);
-                       }
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT \"");
+                               smart_str_append_unsigned(&cmd, obj->intern->savepoint--);
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "\"");
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
 
-                       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
-                               obj->intern = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*obj->intern));
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+                       }
 
-                               php_pq_object_addref(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
-                               obj->intern->conn = conn_obj;
-                               obj->intern->isolation = isolation;
-                               obj->intern->readonly = readonly;
-                               obj->intern->deferrable = deferrable;
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to %s (%s)", cmd.c ? cmd.c : "rollback transaction", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                       if (!cmd.c) {
+                                               obj->intern->open = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
-ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_commit, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_rollback_async, 0, 0, 0)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
-static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, commit) {
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, rollbackAsync) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (!obj->intern->open) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction already closed");
+               } else {
+                       int rc;
+                       smart_str cmd = {0};
 
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               PGresult *res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "COMMIT");
+                       if (!obj->intern->savepoint) {
+                               rc = PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "ROLLBACK");
+                       } else {
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT \"");
+                               smart_str_append_unsigned(&cmd, obj->intern->savepoint--);
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "\"");
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
 
-                               if (res) {
-                                       php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-                                       PQclear(res);
-                               } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not commit transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                               }
+                               rc = PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!rc) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to %s (%s)", cmd.c ? cmd.c : "rollback transaction", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
                        } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not intialized");
+                               if (!cmd.c) {
+                                       obj->intern->open = 0;
+                               }
+                               obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+
+                       smart_str_free(&cmd);
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
-ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_commit_async, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_export_snapshot, 0, 0, 0)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
-static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, commitAsync) {
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, exportSnapshot) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else {
+                       PGresult *res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "SELECT pg_export_snapshot()");
 
-                               if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "COMMIT")) {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not commit transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                               }
+                       if (!res) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to export transaction snapshot (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
                        } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not intialized");
+                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                       RETVAL_STRING(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0), 1);
+                               }
+
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                }
        }
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_export_snapshot_async, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, exportSnapshotAsync) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       STATUS rv;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters_none();
        zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
+               php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "SELECT pg_export_snapshot()")) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to export transaction snapshot (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+               } else {
+                       obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                       php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
+               }
+       }
 }
 
-ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_rollback, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_import_snapshot, 0, 0, 1)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, snapshot_id)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
-static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, rollback) {
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, importSnapshot) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
+       char *snapshot_str;
+       int snapshot_len;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &snapshot_str, &snapshot_len);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               PGresult *res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "ROLLBACK");
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (obj->intern->isolation < PHP_PQTXN_REPEATABLE_READ) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction must have at least isolation level REPEATABLE READ to be able to import a snapshot");
+               } else {
+                       char *sid = PQescapeLiteral(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, snapshot_str, snapshot_len);
 
-                               if (res) {
-                                       php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
-                                       PQclear(res);
+                       if (!sid) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to quote snapshot identifier (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                       } else {
+                               PGresult *res;
+                               smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "SET TRANSACTION SNAPSHOT ");
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, sid);
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                               res = PQexec(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c);
+
+                               if (!res) {
+                                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to import transaction snapshot (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
                                } else {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not rollback transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                                       php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC);
+                                       PHP_PQclear(res);
                                }
-                       } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not intialized");
+
+                               smart_str_free(&cmd);
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
-ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_rollback_async, 0, 0, 0)
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_import_snapshot_async, 0, 0, 1)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, snapshot_id)
 ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
-static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, rollbackAsync) {
+static PHP_METHOD(pqtxn, importSnapshotAsync) {
        zend_error_handling zeh;
+       char *snapshot_str;
+       int snapshot_len;
+       STATUS rv;
 
        zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
-       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters_none()) {
+       rv = zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &snapshot_str, &snapshot_len);
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       if (SUCCESS == rv) {
                php_pqtxn_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
 
-               if (obj->intern) {
-                       if (obj->intern->conn->intern) {
-                               obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
-                               if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, "REOLLBACK")) {
-                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not rollback transaction (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
-                               }
+               if (!obj->intern) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
+               } else if (obj->intern->isolation < PHP_PQTXN_REPEATABLE_READ) {
+                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "pq\\Transaction must have at least isolation level REPEATABLE READ to be able to import a snapshot");
+               } else {
+                       char *sid = PQescapeLiteral(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, snapshot_str, snapshot_len);
+
+                       if (!sid) {
+                               zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to quote snapshot identifier (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
                        } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not intialized");
+                               smart_str cmd = {0};
+
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, "SET TRANSACTION SNAPSHOT ");
+                               smart_str_appends(&cmd, sid);
+                               smart_str_0(&cmd);
+
+                               if (!PQsendQuery(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, cmd.c)) {
+                                       zend_throw_exception_ex(exce(EX_RUNTIME), EX_RUNTIME TSRMLS_CC, "Failed to %s (%s)", cmd.c, PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                               } else {
+                                       obj->intern->conn->intern->poller = PQconsumeInput;
+                               }
+
+                               smart_str_free(&cmd);
+                               php_pqconn_notify_listeners(obj->intern->conn TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
-               } else {
-                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Transaction not initialized");
                }
        }
-       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
 }
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqtxn_open_lob, 0, 0, 1)
@@ -3215,6 +4387,12 @@ static zend_function_entry php_pqtxn_methods[] = {
        PHP_ME(pqtxn, rollback, ai_pqtxn_rollback, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqtxn, commitAsync, ai_pqtxn_commit_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqtxn, rollbackAsync, ai_pqtxn_rollback_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqtxn, savepoint, ai_pqtxn_savepoint, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqtxn, savepointAsync, ai_pqtxn_savepoint_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqtxn, exportSnapshot, ai_pqtxn_export_snapshot, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqtxn, exportSnapshotAsync, ai_pqtxn_export_snapshot_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqtxn, importSnapshot, ai_pqtxn_import_snapshot, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqtxn, importSnapshotAsync, ai_pqtxn_import_snapshot_async, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqtxn, openLOB, ai_pqtxn_open_lob, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqtxn, createLOB, ai_pqtxn_create_lob, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        PHP_ME(pqtxn, unlinkLOB, ai_pqtxn_unlink_lob, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
@@ -3243,7 +4421,7 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqcancel, __construct) {
                                php_pq_object_addref(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
                                obj->intern->conn = conn_obj;
                        } else {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not acquire cancel (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(conn_obj->intern->conn));
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to acquire cancel (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(conn_obj->intern->conn));
                        }
                } else {
                        php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
@@ -3265,7 +4443,7 @@ static PHP_METHOD(pqcancel, cancel) {
                        char err[256];
 
                        if (!PQcancel(obj->intern->cancel, err, sizeof(err))) {
-                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Could not request cancellation: %s", err);
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to request cancellation: %s", err);
                        }
                } else {
                        php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Cancel not initialized");
@@ -3566,6 +4744,201 @@ static zend_function_entry php_pqlob_methods[] = {
        {0}
 };
 
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqcopy_construct, 0, 0, 3)
+       ZEND_ARG_OBJ_INFO(0, "connection", pq\\Connection, 0)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, expression)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, direction)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, options)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqcopy, __construct) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       zval *zconn;
+       char *expr_str, *opt_str = "";
+       int expr_len, opt_len = 0;
+       long direction;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "Osl|s", &zconn, php_pqconn_class_entry, &expr_str, &expr_len, &direction, &opt_str, &opt_len)) {
+               php_pqconn_object_t *conn_obj = zend_object_store_get_object(zconn TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (conn_obj->intern) {
+                       char *copy = NULL;
+
+                       switch (direction) {
+                       case PHP_PQCOPY_FROM_STDIN:
+                               spprintf(&copy, 0, "COPY %s %s %s", expr_str, "FROM STDIN", opt_str);
+                               break;
+
+                       case PHP_PQCOPY_TO_STDOUT:
+                               spprintf(&copy, 0, "COPY %s %s %s", expr_str, "TO STDOUT", opt_str);
+                               break;
+
+                       default:
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Invalid COPY direction, expected one of FROM_STDIN (%d) TO_STDOUT (%d), got %ld",
+                                               PHP_PQCOPY_FROM_STDIN, PHP_PQCOPY_TO_STDOUT, direction);
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       if (copy) {
+                               php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+                               PGresult *res = PQexec(conn_obj->intern->conn, copy);
+
+                               efree(copy);
+
+                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                       obj->intern = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*obj->intern));
+                                       obj->intern->direction = direction;
+                                       obj->intern->expression = estrdup(expr_str);
+                                       obj->intern->options = estrdup(opt_str);
+                                       obj->intern->conn = conn_obj;
+                                       php_pq_object_addref(conn_obj TSRMLS_CC);
+                               }
+
+                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\Connection not initialized");
+               }
+       }
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqcopy_put, 0, 0, 1)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, data)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqcopy, put) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       char *data_str;
+       int data_len;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &data_str, &data_len)) {
+               php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (obj->intern) {
+                       if (PHP_PQCOPY_FROM_STDIN == obj->intern->direction) {
+                               if (1 == PQputCopyData(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, data_str, data_len)) {
+                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
+                               } else {
+                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to send COPY data (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\COPY was not initialized with FROM_STDIN");
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\COPY not initialized");
+               }
+       }
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqcopy_end, 0, 0, 0)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, error)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqcopy, end) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       char *error_str = NULL;
+       int error_len = 0;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|s!", &error_str, &error_len)) {
+               php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+
+               if (obj->intern) {
+                       if (PHP_PQCOPY_FROM_STDIN == obj->intern->direction) {
+                               if (1 == PQputCopyEnd(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, error_str)) {
+                                       PGresult *res = PQgetResult(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn);
+
+                                       if (res) {
+                                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
+                                               }
+
+                                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                                       } else {
+                                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to get COPY result (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to end COPY (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\COPY was not initialized with FROM_STDIN");
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "pq\\COPY not initialized");
+               }
+       }
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(ai_pqcopy_get, 0, 0, 1)
+       ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, data)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO();
+static PHP_METHOD(pqcopy, get) {
+       zend_error_handling zeh;
+       zval *zdata;
+
+       zend_replace_error_handling(EH_THROW, NULL, &zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+       if (SUCCESS == zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &zdata)) {
+               php_pqcopy_object_t *obj = zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC);
+               char *buffer = NULL;
+
+               if (obj->intern) {
+                       if (PHP_PQCOPY_TO_STDOUT == obj->intern->direction) {
+                               PGresult *res;
+                               int bytes = PQgetCopyData(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn, &buffer, 0);
+
+                               switch (bytes) {
+                               case -1:
+                                       res = PQgetResult(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn);
+
+                                       if (res) {
+                                               if (SUCCESS == php_pqres_success(res TSRMLS_CC)) {
+                                                       RETVAL_FALSE;
+                                               }
+
+                                               PHP_PQclear(res);
+                                       } else {
+                                               php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to get COPY result (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+
+                               case -2:
+                                       php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Failed to get COPY data (%s)", PHP_PQerrorMessage(obj->intern->conn->intern->conn));
+                                       break;
+
+                               default:
+                                       zval_dtor(zdata);
+                                       if (buffer) {
+                                               ZVAL_STRINGL(zdata, buffer, bytes, 1);
+                                       } else {
+                                               ZVAL_EMPTY_STRING(zdata);
+                                       }
+                                       RETVAL_TRUE;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               if (buffer) {
+                                       PQfreemem(buffer);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       zend_restore_error_handling(&zeh TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static zend_function_entry php_pqcopy_methods[] = {
+       PHP_ME(pqcopy, __construct, ai_pqcopy_construct, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_CTOR)
+       PHP_ME(pqcopy, put, ai_pqcopy_put, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqcopy, end, ai_pqcopy_end, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       PHP_ME(pqcopy, get, ai_pqcopy_get, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+       {0}
+};
+
+static zend_function_entry php_pqexc_methods[] = {
+       {0}
+};
+
 /* {{{ PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION
  */
 static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
@@ -3573,6 +4946,30 @@ static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
        zend_class_entry ce = {0};
        php_pq_object_prophandler_t ph = {0};
 
+       INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq", "Exception", php_pqexc_methods);
+       php_pqexc_interface_class_entry = zend_register_internal_interface(&ce TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
+       INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq\\Exception", "Exception", php_pqexc_methods);
+       php_pqexc_default_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, zend_exception_get_default(TSRMLS_C), "Exception" TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_class_implements(php_pqexc_default_class_entry TSRMLS_CC, 1, php_pqexc_interface_class_entry);
+
+       memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
+       INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq\\Exception", "InvalidArgument", php_pqexc_methods);
+       php_pqexc_invalid_argument_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, spl_ce_InvalidArgumentException, "InvalidArgumentException" TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_class_implements(php_pqexc_invalid_argument_class_entry TSRMLS_CC, 1, php_pqexc_interface_class_entry);
+
+       memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
+       INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq\\Exception", "Runtime", php_pqexc_methods);
+       php_pqexc_runtime_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, spl_ce_RuntimeException, "RuntimeException" TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_class_implements(php_pqexc_runtime_class_entry TSRMLS_CC, 1, php_pqexc_interface_class_entry);
+
+       memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
+       INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq\\Exception", "BadMethodCall", php_pqexc_methods);
+       php_pqexc_bad_methodcall_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, spl_ce_BadMethodCallException, "BadMethodCallException" TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_class_implements(php_pqexc_bad_methodcall_class_entry TSRMLS_CC, 1, php_pqexc_interface_class_entry);
+
+       memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
        INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq", "Connection", php_pqconn_methods);
        php_pqconn_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
        php_pqconn_class_entry->create_object = php_pqconn_create_object;
@@ -3662,6 +5059,8 @@ static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
        zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqconn_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("POLLING_WRITING"), PGRES_POLLING_WRITING TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqconn_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("POLLING_OK"), PGRES_POLLING_OK TSRMLS_CC);
 
+       zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqconn_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("ASYNC"), 0x1 TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqconn_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("PERSISTENT"), 0x2 TSRMLS_CC);
        memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
        INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq", "Types", php_pqtypes_methods);
        php_pqtypes_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
@@ -3690,7 +5089,7 @@ static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
        php_pqres_class_entry->create_object = php_pqres_create_object;
        php_pqres_class_entry->iterator_funcs.funcs = &php_pqres_iterator_funcs;
        php_pqres_class_entry->get_iterator = php_pqres_iterator_init;
-       zend_class_implements(php_pqres_class_entry TSRMLS_CC, 1, zend_ce_traversable);
+       zend_class_implements(php_pqres_class_entry TSRMLS_CC, 2, zend_ce_traversable, spl_ce_Countable);
 
        memcpy(&php_pqres_object_handlers, zend_get_std_object_handlers(), sizeof(zend_object_handlers));
        php_pqres_object_handlers.read_property = php_pq_object_read_prop;
@@ -3698,6 +5097,7 @@ static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
        php_pqres_object_handlers.clone_obj = NULL;
        php_pqres_object_handlers.get_property_ptr_ptr = NULL;
        php_pqres_object_handlers.get_debug_info = php_pq_object_debug_info;
+       php_pqres_object_handlers.count_elements = php_pqres_count_elements;
 
        zend_hash_init(&php_pqres_object_prophandlers, 6, NULL, NULL, 1);
 
@@ -3705,6 +5105,10 @@ static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
        ph.read = php_pqres_object_read_status;
        zend_hash_add(&php_pqres_object_prophandlers, "status", sizeof("status"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
 
+       zend_declare_property_null(php_pqres_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("statusMessage"), ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC TSRMLS_CC);
+       ph.read = php_pqres_object_read_status_message;
+       zend_hash_add(&php_pqres_object_prophandlers, "statusMessage", sizeof("statusMessage"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
+
        zend_declare_property_null(php_pqres_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("errorMessage"), ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC TSRMLS_CC);
        ph.read = php_pqres_object_read_error_message;
        zend_hash_add(&php_pqres_object_prophandlers, "errorMessage", sizeof("errorMessage"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
@@ -3873,6 +5277,41 @@ static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(pq)
        zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqlob_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("W"), INV_WRITE TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqlob_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("RW"), INV_READ|INV_WRITE TSRMLS_CC);
 
+       memset(&ce, 0, sizeof(ce));
+       INIT_NS_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "pq", "COPY", php_pqcopy_methods);
+       php_pqcopy_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
+       php_pqcopy_class_entry->create_object = php_pqcopy_create_object;
+
+       memcpy(&php_pqcopy_object_handlers, zend_get_std_object_handlers(), sizeof(zend_object_handlers));
+       php_pqcopy_object_handlers.read_property = php_pq_object_read_prop;
+       php_pqcopy_object_handlers.write_property = php_pq_object_write_prop;
+       php_pqcopy_object_handlers.clone_obj = NULL;
+       php_pqcopy_object_handlers.get_property_ptr_ptr = NULL;
+       php_pqcopy_object_handlers.get_debug_info = php_pq_object_debug_info;
+
+       zend_hash_init(&php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers, 4, NULL, NULL, 1);
+
+       zend_declare_property_null(php_pqcopy_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("connection"), ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC TSRMLS_CC);
+       ph.read = php_pqcopy_object_read_connection;
+       zend_hash_add(&php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers, "connection", sizeof("connection"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
+
+       zend_declare_property_null(php_pqcopy_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("expression"), ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC TSRMLS_CC);
+       ph.read = php_pqcopy_object_read_expression;
+       zend_hash_add(&php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers, "expression", sizeof("expression"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
+
+       zend_declare_property_null(php_pqcopy_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("direction"), ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC TSRMLS_CC);
+       ph.read = php_pqcopy_object_read_direction;
+       zend_hash_add(&php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers, "direction", sizeof("direction"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
+
+       zend_declare_property_null(php_pqcopy_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("options"), ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC TSRMLS_CC);
+       ph.read = php_pqcopy_object_read_options;
+       zend_hash_add(&php_pqcopy_object_prophandlers, "options", sizeof("options"), (void *) &ph, sizeof(ph), NULL);
+
+       zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqcopy_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("FROM_STDIN"), PHP_PQCOPY_FROM_STDIN TSRMLS_CC);
+       zend_declare_class_constant_long(php_pqcopy_class_entry, ZEND_STRL("TO_STDOUT"), PHP_PQCOPY_TO_STDOUT TSRMLS_CC);
+
+       php_persistent_handle_provide(ZEND_STRL("pq\\Connection"), &php_pqconn_resource_factory_ops, NULL, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
+
        /*
        REGISTER_INI_ENTRIES();
        */
@@ -3887,6 +5326,7 @@ static PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(pq)
        /* uncomment this line if you have INI entries
        UNREGISTER_INI_ENTRIES();
        */
+       php_persistent_handle_cleanup(ZEND_STRL("pq\\Connection"), NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
        return SUCCESS;
 }
 /* }}} */
@@ -3895,8 +5335,23 @@ static PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(pq)
  */
 static PHP_MINFO_FUNCTION(pq)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_PQLIBVERSION
+       int libpq_v;
+#endif
+       char libpq_version[10] = "pre-9.1";
+
+       php_info_print_table_start();
+       php_info_print_table_header(2, "PQ Support", "enabled");
+       php_info_print_table_row(2, "Extension Version", PHP_PQ_EXT_VERSION);
+       php_info_print_table_end();
+
        php_info_print_table_start();
-       php_info_print_table_header(2, "pq support", "enabled");
+       php_info_print_table_header(2, "Used Library", "Version");
+#ifdef HAVE_PQLIBVERSION
+       libpq_v = PQlibVersion();
+       slprintf(libpq_version, sizeof(libpq_version), "%d.%d.%d", libpq_v/10000%100, libpq_v/100%100, libpq_v%100);
+#endif
+       php_info_print_table_row(2, "libpq", libpq_version);
        php_info_print_table_end();
 
        /* Remove comments if you have entries in php.ini
@@ -3909,10 +5364,18 @@ const zend_function_entry pq_functions[] = {
        {0}
 };
 
+static zend_module_dep pq_module_deps[] = {
+       ZEND_MOD_REQUIRED("raphf")
+       ZEND_MOD_REQUIRED("spl")
+       ZEND_MOD_END
+};
+
 /* {{{ pq_module_entry
  */
 zend_module_entry pq_module_entry = {
-       STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
+       STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER_EX,
+       NULL,
+       pq_module_deps,
        "pq",
        pq_functions,
        PHP_MINIT(pq),